Which renal condition is most commonly associated with congenital hepatic fibrosis?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is strongly associated with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) (Choice A), a ciliopathy causing renal cysts and hepatic fibrosis, often presenting together in childhood. Horseshoe kidney (Choice B) is a fusion anomaly unrelated to CHF. Multicystic dysplastic kidney (Choice C) is a unilateral developmental disorder, not linked to hepatic fibrosis. Nephronophthisis (Choice D) causes renal failure but lacks a consistent CHF association. ARPKD’s genetic and clinical overlap with CHF makes it the most common association.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Abetalipoproteinemia, a rare lipid disorder, first presents with loss of deep tendon reflexes due to vitamin E deficiency affecting nerves (NORD). Vision loss follows later, and C-E are not early signs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: C. trachomatis is the top cause of cervicitis in adolescents, per CDC, due to sexual transmission. HSV and others (B, D, E) are less common.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Iatrogenic causes , like excessive saline, are the top source of hypernatremia in hospitalized kids (AAP). B-E are rarer.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ampicillin is the preferred single agent for uncomplicated Listeria infections (IDSA). B-E are less optimal alone.