ATI LPN
Urinary and Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 9
Which process is responsible for the majority of sodium reabsorption in the nephron?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule occurs via secondary active transport.
Question 2 of 9
Within an hour following intravenous angiotensin II infusion, the following is(are) clinically evident:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angiotensin II rapidly increases proximal sodium uptake (A), causes vasoconstriction (B), and stimulates aldosterone release (C), all within an hour. All are true—sodium reabsorption rises, vessels constrict, aldosterone increases—making E (all are correct), reassigned as D, correct.
Question 3 of 9
A nurse teaches a client about self-care after experiencing a urinary calculus treated by lithotripsy. Which statements should the nurse include in this client's discharge teaching? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antibiotics, fluids, and bruising info ensure proper recovery post-lithotripsy.
Question 4 of 9
What is the cause of the distention of the urinary bladder and what does its distension produce?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Distension of the urinary bladder is caused by an increase in intra-vesical pressure as urine volume rises, stretching the bladder wall. This activates stretch receptors, producing the micturition reflex: reflex contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal and external urethral sphincters, facilitating urination. This differs from relaxation, sphincter contraction, or pain alone, making B the correct cause and effect.
Question 5 of 9
Given the following conditions: Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 15 mm Hg, Glomerular plasma osmotic pressure = 25 mm Hg, Glomerular hydrostatic pressure = 75 mm Hg, What is the NET FILTRATION RATE?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Net filtration pressure (NFP) = Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (75 mm Hg) - (Capsular hydrostatic pressure (15 mm Hg) + Glomerular osmotic pressure (25 mm Hg)) = 75 - (15 + 25) = 35 mm Hg (A). This drives filtration; 85 (B), 65 (C), and 115 (D) miscalculate, making A correct.
Question 6 of 9
A nurse assesses a client who is recovering from extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for renal calculi. The nurse notes an ecchymotic area on the client's right lower back. Which action should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bruising is common after lithotripsy; ice reduces discomfort and extent of bruising.
Question 7 of 9
A patient gives the admitting nurse health information before a scheduled intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which item requires the nurse to intervene before the procedure?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iodine-based contrast dye is used during IVP and for many CT scans. The nurse will need to notify the health care provider before the procedures so that the patient can receive medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids before the procedures are started. The other information does not have immediate implications for the patient's care during the procedures.
Question 8 of 9
A patient with nephrotic syndrome develops flank pain. The nurse will anticipate teaching the patient about treatment with
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Flank pain in nephrotic syndrome suggests renal vein thrombosis (B), treated with anticoagulants due to hypercoagulability from protein loss. Antibiotics (A) treat infection, corticosteroids (C) manage nephrosis, and antihypertensives (D) control BP, but B addresses the acute issue.
Question 9 of 9
A 45-year-old man with diabetic nephropathy has ESKD and is starting dialysis. What should the nurse teach the patient about hemodialysis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemodialysis is the most commonly used method of dialysis. Patients receiving hemodialysis must undergo treatment for the rest of their lives or until they undergo successful kidney transplantation. Treatments usually occur three times a week for at least 3 to 4 hours per treatment.