ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which patient would be unlikely to benefit from iron supplements?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient with hereditary hemochromatosis. This genetic condition causes the body to absorb too much iron, leading to iron overload. Iron supplements would exacerbate the condition. Patients experiencing blood loss (A) would benefit from iron supplements to replenish lost iron. Pregnant women (B) require increased iron for fetal development. Patients with limited access to healthy foods (D) may benefit from iron supplements to prevent deficiency.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who had a myocardial infarction 5 days ago. The client has a sudden onset of shortness of breath and begins coughing frothy, pink sputum. The nurse auscultates loud, bubbly sounds on inspiration. Which of the following adventitious breath sounds should the nurse document?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coarse crackles. Coarse crackles are associated with fluid-filled airways, commonly seen in conditions like heart failure. In this scenario, the client's history of myocardial infarction and symptoms of shortness of breath, frothy pink sputum, and loud bubbly sounds on inspiration indicate pulmonary edema, leading to coarse crackles. Fine crackles are heard in conditions like pneumonia. Wheezes are associated with airway constriction in conditions like asthma. Rhonchi are caused by secretions in the large airways. Therefore, in this case, coarse crackles are most appropriate.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has late-stage heart failure and is experiencing fluid volume overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weight gain 1 kg (2.2 lb) in 1 day. In late-stage heart failure with fluid volume overload, the body retains excess fluid leading to weight gain. This rapid weight gain is a key indicator of worsening fluid overload. Option B (Weight loss) is incorrect as fluid volume overload typically leads to weight gain. Option C (Dry skin) is incorrect as it is not a common finding in fluid volume overload. Option D (Decreased urine output) is incorrect as fluid volume overload usually leads to increased urine output due to the body's attempt to eliminate excess fluid.
Question 4 of 5
What are the actions of salicylates? (Select one that does not apply)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because salicylates do not have antihypertensive actions. Salicylates, like aspirin, are known for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties. They work by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. Antihypertensive medications work differently to lower blood pressure and are not a characteristic action of salicylates. Salicylates can even cause adverse effects on blood pressure in some individuals. This makes choice D incorrect.
Question 5 of 5
Which medication is an immunosuppressive agent?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Methotrexate. Methotrexate is an immunosuppressive agent commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases by suppressing the immune system's response. It inhibits the production of certain cells involved in the immune response, making it effective in managing conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. Hydroxychloroquine, Celecoxib, and Diclofenac are not immunosuppressive agents; they are used for other purposes such as treating malaria (Hydroxychloroquine), pain and inflammation (Celecoxib, Diclofenac).