ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which part of the brain contains the cardiovascular center that regulates heart rate?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The medulla oblongata houses the cardiovascular center, regulating heart rate via autonomic outputs parasympathetic (vagus) slows it, sympathetic accelerates it, responding to baroreceptors and chemoreceptors. The midbrain handles reflexes, not rate. The cerebrum governs higher functions, not direct control. The cerebellum coordinates movement, not heart. The medulla's integration of blood pressure and CO2 data ensures homeostasis, a vital autonomic hub, critical in conditions like brain stem injury where rate control fails, affecting survival.
Question 2 of 5
Of the four parts of respiration, the part when oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the capillaries lining the alveoli in the lungs, is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: External respiration (B) is the exchange of O₂ and CO₂ between alveolar air and pulmonary capillaries, per the key and physiology texts. Pulmonary ventilation (A) is breathing air movement in/out of lungs (e.g., 500 mL tidal volume). Transport of respiratory gases (C) is O₂/CO₂ movement in blood (e.g., Hb binding). Internal respiration (D) is gas exchange at tissue cells. In the alveoli, O₂ diffuses into blood (PaO₂ ≈100 mmHg) and CO₂ out (PaCO₂ ≈40 mmHg) across a 0.2-0.5 μm membrane, driven by partial pressure gradients (Fick's law). This distinguishes B from A's mechanics, C's circulation, or D's tissue focus external respiration's alveolar-capillary swap is the lung-specific process.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse who is explaining the patho of COPD to a client includes the fact that alveolar destruction results in which manifestations? Select all that apply.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alveolar destruction in COPD decreases surface area (A), increases dead space (C), and collapses airways (B) per document (1, 5). Emphysema reduces alveoli (300 to 150 million), cutting Oâ‚‚ diffusion (PaOâ‚‚ <80 mmHg). Elasticity loss (elastase excess) traps air (RV >120%), not emboli (D unrelated). A's gas exchange drop 50% less area drives hypoxemia, distinguishing it from D's vascular issue, while B and C compound dyspnea in COPD's obstructive pathology.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse would question an order for ipratropium bromide (Atrovent) ordered for a client with asthma if the client had which concurrent medical history?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glaucoma (A) contraindicates ipratropium (Atrovent), per document (1). This anticholinergic dilates pupils (mydriasis), raising intraocular pressure (e.g., >21 mmHg) in narrow-angle glaucoma, risking vision loss. Cushing's (B) is unrelated steroid issue. Warfarin (C) or fluid retention (D) don't interact. A's risk 10% incidence demands caution, unlike B's metabolic focus, per pharmacology texts.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse wears gloves when assessing a child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). After removing the gloves, what should the nurse's next action be?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hand hygiene (D) post-glove removal prevents RSV spread, per document (4). Soap/water or alcohol (20-40 s) kills virus (10ⶠvirions/mL). Laundry (A) risks contamination. Inspection (B) is secondary. Reminding parents (C) isn't next. D's action 99% pathogen reduction upholds CDC contact precautions, unlike A's error.