ATI LPN
NCLEX Questions Perioperative Care Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which parameter for NPO status is appropriate when providing care to a pediatric patient in the preoperative period?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring no solid foods by mouth for six hours prior to the surgical procedure,' as pediatric NPO allows clear liquids to 2 hours, breast milk to 4 hours, and solids/formula to 6 hours unlike 'total NPO' (A), 'formula to 6' (C), or 'breast milk to 6' (D). In nursing, age-specific NPO reduces risk; B aligns with NCLEX Perioperative, reflecting guidelines.
Question 2 of 5
A colostomy is scheduled to be done on a patient who has severe Crohn's disease. What is the correct classification for this surgery?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A colostomy for severe Crohn's disease is classified as restorative surgery because it aims to restore gastrointestinal function by bypassing inflamed areas, improving the patient's ability to manage the chronic condition. Palliative surgery focuses on symptom relief without addressing function, which doesn't fully capture the colostomy's purpose. Minor surgery underestimates the procedure's complexity and impact. Curative surgery eliminates disease, but Crohn's is incurable, making this inaccurate. The rationale centers on the restorative goal: the colostomy diverts stool to allow healing and maintain nutrition, enhancing quality of life in a chronic illness. This distinguishes it from curative (disease-ending) or palliative (comfort-focused) surgeries, aligning with nursing's emphasis on functional improvement.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is preparing the patient for surgery. Which common laboratory tests does the nurse anticipate to be ordered? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Common preoperative lab tests include urinalysis , electrolyte levels , clotting studies (choice E, not listed), and serum creatinine (choice F, not listed). Total cholesterol and uric acid assess chronic conditions, not surgical readiness. The rationale focuses on perioperative needs: urinalysis detects infections or kidney issues; electrolytes ensure metabolic balance; clotting studies prevent bleeding risks; creatinine evaluates renal function for anesthesia clearance. These tests identify complications (e.g., infection, coagulopathy) critical for safety, aligning with nursing's role in preparing patients for anesthesia and surgery, unlike non-urgent lipid or uric acid checks.
Question 4 of 5
During surgery, what things do anesthesia personnel monitor, measure, and assess? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anesthesia personnel monitor cardiopulmonary function , level of anesthesia , vital signs (choice F, not listed), and intake/output . Room temperature and family concerns (choice E) aren't their focus. The rationale centers on physiological stability: tracking heart, lungs, anesthesia depth, and fluids ensures safe sedation and oxygenation. Nursing collaborates by observing these, but anesthesia's expertise drives real-time adjustments, critical for preventing overdose or hypoxia, distinct from environmental or emotional monitoring.
Question 5 of 5
Which medical condition increases a patient's risk for surgical wound infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetes mellitus increases wound infection risk due to impaired immunity and healing. Anxiety , hiatal hernia , and amnesia don't directly affect wounds. The rationale explains pathophysiology: hyperglycemia in diabetes fosters bacterial growth and delays repair, elevating infection rates. Nursing monitors glucose and wound care, mitigating this common surgical risk, distinct from unrelated conditions.