Which one of the following is the correct sequence

Question 1 of 5

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, going from superior to inferior:

A. thoracic spinal nerves, cervical spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves B. cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves C. thoracic spinal nerves, cervical spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves D. cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spinal nerves exit in order: cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), lumbar (lower back), sacral (pelvis), from superior to inferior.

Question 2 of 5

In comparison to other G-protein coupled second messenger signaling pathways (like metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors) the situation in photopigment transduction is different because:

A. the stimulus (light) causes a change in receptor protein conformation B. the G-protein response involves binding GTP C. in response to stimulus (light), the level of second messenger decreases D. the consequent increase in ion channel conductance

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In phototransduction, light reduces cGMP (second messenger), unlike most G-protein pathways where it increases, closing Na⁺ channels.

Question 3 of 5

What are the first cells in the auditory system to fire action potential?

A. inner hair cells B. outer hair cells C. spiral ganglion neurons D. medial geniculate nucleus neurons

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Spiral ganglion neurons fire action potentials in response to inner hair cell glutamate release, as hair cells do not generate action potentials.

Question 4 of 5

A foot fetish of a sexual nature might be explained by which of the following:

A. Sensory neurons that innervate the genitals enter the spinal cord at the same segment as sensory neurons that innervate the toes B. Sensory neurons that innervate the genitals use the same neurotransmitter as sensory neurons that innervate the toes C. The toes and genitals are adjacent in the somatotopic map of the body surface onto primary motor cortex D. The toes and genitals are adjacent in the somatotopic map of the body surface onto primary somatosensory cortex

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The somatosensory cortex (not motor) places genital and foot areas adjacent, potentially linking their sensory processing.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse caring for a severely head-injured comatose client observes which signs indicating late stages of intracranial HTN?

A. Pupils are equal and reactive B. BP 178/58, HR 55 C. Eupnea D. Decreased ICP

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cushing’s triad (text note): severe HTN, wide pulse pressure, bradycardia (B) indicate late ICP increase.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, going from superior to inferior:

Nurselytic

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