which one of the following is not type of emphysema?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Superior vena cava (C) carries deoxygenated blood with high PCO2 (~46 mmHg) from tissues. Pulmonary veins (B) have low PCO2 (~40 mmHg) post-exchange. Systemic arterioles (D) match arterial PCO2 (~40 mmHg). Carotid bodies (A) sense blood, not store it venous PCO2 exceeds arterial. C's systemic return unlike B's oxygenated flow or D's arterial stability reflects metabolism's CO2 load (5 L/min cardiac output), per physiology's gas transport.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: After quiet expiration, lungs rest at functional residual capacity (FRC, C) . FRC (~2.5 L) is RV (~1.2 L) plus ERV (~1.3 L) air remaining post-tidal exhale (Vt ~500 mL). RV (A) is after forced expiration. ERV (B) is expirable reserve. IRV (D) is inspiratory reserve (~3 L). At FRC, diaphragm relaxes, intrapleural pressure is -5 cm H2O, and alveolar pressure is 0 mmHg no airflow. C's balance unlike A's minimal volume defines the resting state, per lung volume dynamics (Q28).

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Post-quiet expiration, lungs are at FRC (~2.5 L) . Muscles relax, balancing lung inward and chest outward recoil (Q2). RV (A) is post-forced (~1.2 L). ERV (B) is reserve (~1.3 L). IRV (D) is inspiratory reserve (~3 L). FRC RV + ERV is resting volume, with intrapleural pressure -5 cm H2O, unlike A's minimal or D's inspiratory state, per physiology (Q17).

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Work of breathing inversely ties to compliance. Work = pressure × volume; low compliance (e.g., fibrosis, < 0.1 L/cm H2O) demands more pressure (Q40). Exercise raises work (B, false) via demand (O2 use 1-5%). Resistance (C, false) increases it (asthma, Q8). Fibrosis hikes work (D, false, Q1). A's relation unlike B's static claim matches energy cost (~1-2% basal metabolism), per physiology.