Which one of the following is NOT true regarding the alternative complement pathway?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the alternative complement pathway can be initiated independently of C3b fragments. It is activated by foreign surfaces directly, such as certain bacteria or viruses, without the need for prior activation of C3b. This is a key feature that distinguishes the alternative pathway from the classical pathway. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because A is true - the alternative pathway can be triggered by infectious agents in the absence of antibodies, B is true - it does not require C1, C2, or C4, and D is false - the alternative pathway has a different terminal sequence of events compared to the classic pathway.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because class I MHC proteins are primarily involved in presenting antigens to cytotoxic T cells to trigger an immune response against infected or abnormal cells. A is correct as class I MHC proteins are found on most cells. B is correct as they are indeed involved in T cell recognition. C is correct as they are expressed from both alleles. Choice D is incorrect because class I MHC proteins are not directly involved in the skin test response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is primarily mediated by the immune response involving macrophages and T cells in the skin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because increasing the production of antigens by white blood cells during an allergic reaction is not a feedback mechanism maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis involves maintaining internal stability despite external changes. A is correct because closing openings in leaves prevents water loss, maintaining plant hydration. C is correct because increased physical activity increases heart rate to maintain oxygen delivery. D is correct because the pancreas releases insulin to regulate blood sugar levels.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because pouring running water over the lesions when urinating can help relieve discomfort and prevent irritation. This method helps to keep the affected area clean and reduces the risk of spreading the infection. Sitz baths (Option A) may provide temporary relief but should not be done daily. Applying ice packs (Option B) can worsen symptoms and using a hairdryer (Option D) may cause further irritation and delay healing. Running water is the most effective and gentle way to manage genital herpes symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: B Rationale: 1. Having the client wear a surgical mask helps contain respiratory droplets, reducing the risk of spreading TB. 2. Surgical masks protect others from inhaling infectious particles. 3. Airborne precautions are in place to prevent transmission through the air. 4. Wearing gloves or keeping the client in a negative pressure room does not address airborne transmission. Summary: Choice A is incorrect because the AP should not wear a gown during transport. Choice C is unnecessary as gloves do not prevent airborne transmission. Choice D is incorrect as it does not directly address containing respiratory droplets.