ATI LPN
100 Questions on the Cardiovascular System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which one of the following drugs has potassium-sparing effect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Question 2 of 5
These structures prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chordae tendineae anchor the atrioventricular valve leaflets to the papillary muscles, preventing prolapse during ventricular contraction.
Question 3 of 5
A 67-year-old man presents with sudden left leg pain, absence of pulses, and a cold limb. His past medical history is significant for coronary artery disease and a small aortic aneurysm. Which of the following is most likely responsible for development of a cold limb in this patient?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Arterial thromboembolism, likely from an aortic aneurysm or atherosclerotic plaque, causes acute limb ischemia with sudden pain, pulselessness, and coldness.
Question 4 of 5
In which of the following clinical scenarios involving patients with lung disease would you expect pulmonary function studies to exhibit decreased compliance, increased elasticity, and an increased FEV1/FVC ratio?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sarcoidosis, an interstitial lung disease, reduces compliance (stiff lungs), increases elasticity, and preserves or increases FEV1/FVC due to restrictive physiology.
Question 5 of 5
What instruction would the nurse give when teaching a patient about stage 1 hypertension?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The patient should decrease intake of sodium. This will help to control hypertension, which can be aggravated by excessive salt intake.