ATI LPN
NCLEX Cardiovascular Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which one of the following can be used as antidote for warfarin?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Vitamin K reverses warfarin's anticoagulant effect by restoring clotting factor synthesis.
Question 2 of 5
Cardiac Muscle Tissue is found in which layer of the heart?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The myocardium is the muscular middle layer of the heart wall responsible for contraction and is composed primarily of cardiac muscle tissue.
Question 3 of 5
A 41-year-old female presents with recurrent severe headaches and increasing visual problems. Physical examination reveals her blood pressure to be 220/150. Her symptoms are most likely to be associated with:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis is associated with malignant hypertension (e.g., BP 220/150), causing onion-skin thickening of arterioles, which can lead to headaches and visual disturbances due to cerebral and retinal ischemia.
Question 4 of 5
A 63-year-old female went to his family physician with complaints of increasing difficulty with breathing. He says the symptoms started a few years ago but have progressed to the point where he has difficulty breathing with even mild physical exertion. Pulmonary function tests reveal a normal FEV1/FVC ratio. Of the following, what is his most likely diagnosis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Interstitial lung disease causes progressive dyspnea with a normal FEV1/FVC ratio due to restrictive physiology, unlike obstructive diseases like emphysema or asthma.
Question 5 of 5
Which parameter indicates effectiveness of hydrochlorothiazide therapy for a patient who has been taking it for 10 years to treat hypertension?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hydrochlorothiazide may be used alone as monotherapy to manage hypertension or in combination with other medications if not effective alone. After the first few weeks of therapy, the diuretic effect diminishes, but the antihypertensive effect remains.