Which of these routes of drug administration has a demerit of patient being tethered to 'lines and bottles'?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The demerit of being tethered to lines and bottles' implies restricted mobility due to continuous delivery equipment. 'Intravenous,' is correct because IV administration often requires catheters and drip bags, limiting movement, as seen in hospital settings (e.g., IV fluids). 'Subcutaneous,' involves small injections or pumps, less restrictive. 'Intramuscular,' is a single shot, not continuous. 'Enteral,' is oral or tube feeding, not involving lines' like IVs. IV's reliance on infusion setups—common in prolonged treatments—makes A the precise answer, reflecting its practical drawback in patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The significance of a study explains its value and impact. 'Relationship between two variables,' is correct as the exception because it's part of hypotheses or findings, not significance, per research guides (e.g., Creswell). 'The overall impact...,' and 'Potential benefits...,' highlight societal and individual value. 'Possible usefulness and contribution,' addresses practical implications. Significance focuses on why the study matters, not specific variable links, making C the odd one out, aligned with research structure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reliability, consistency of measurement, is tested via a pilot study. 'Pilot study,' is correct because it assesses tool reliability (e.g., test-retest), per research methods (e.g., Cronbach). 'Carefully designed questionnaire,' aids reliability but doesn't test it. 'Hypothesis testing,' evaluates validity, not consistency. 'Data analysis,' interprets results, not reliability. Pilot studies' role in pre-testing reliability distinguishes B as the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cardiac reserve is the difference between maximum cardiac output (CO) during exercise and resting CO. Resting CO = 84 × 0.06 = 5 L/min; exercise CO = 13 L/min. Reserve = 13 - 5 = 8 L/min. '8 L/min,' is correct, per cardiovascular physiology (e.g., Berne & Levy). Choice A is exercise CO, not reserve. Choice C and D misalign. B's calculation fits, making it the answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis (T3 and T4), regulating metabolism. 'Iodine,' is correct, per endocrinology texts like Williams' Textbook of Endocrinology, where iodine deficiency disrupts metabolic rate. 'Iron,' is in hemoglobin, not thyroid-specific. 'Calcium,' affects bones and signaling, not metabolism via thyroid. 'Magnesium,' supports enzymatic function, not thyroid-related metabolism. Iodine's incorporation into thyroxine, directly influencing basal metabolic rate, makes B the precise answer, critical to thyroid physiology.