Which of these is NOT true about the non-maleficence principle?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The statement 'Offers little useful guidance to physicians because many beneficial therapies also have serious risks' is NOT true about the non-maleficence principle. The non-maleficence principle is one of the four fundamental principles of medical ethics and emphasizes the duty of healthcare providers to do no harm to their patients. It provides clear guidance by requiring physicians to weigh risks against benefits and avoid unnecessary harm, even when therapies have inherent risks.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The principle of Autonomy states that patients have the right to make decisions about their own healthcare based on their own values and beliefs. This includes the right to exercise their free will and accord, meaning that they have the freedom to choose or refuse medical treatments or interventions. This principle also emphasizes that patients should not be harmed by their physicians and that they should have access to their medical notes, ensuring transparency and involvement in their own care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ethical decision-making focuses on theories, principles, and affected parties, but the geographic location ('where') is typically not a primary consideration unless specified.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The proposed action is the starting point for resolving an ethical dilemma, as it frames the ethical analysis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Breach of duty in malpractice is the failure to meet the standard of care expected of a reasonable, prudent nurse.