ATI LPN
Questions for Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these infections is also referred to as Valley fever?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coccidioidomycosis, dubbed Valley fever, is caused by Coccidioides fungi, endemic to the U.S. Southwest (e.g., San Joaquin Valley), inhaled as spores from soil, causing pneumonia-like symptoms. Histoplasmosis, from Histoplasma capsulatum, thrives in bird droppings, common in the Mississippi Valley. Blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) affects lungs and skin, linked to moist environments. Aspergillosis (Aspergillus spp.) targets immunocompromised lungs, not region-specific like Valley fever. Coccidioidomycosis's arid habitat and flu-like presentation distinguish it, requiring antifungals like fluconazole, unlike broader-spectrum treatments for others, emphasizing geographic and clinical uniqueness in fungal respiratory infections.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client with pneumonia-related atelectasis. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to implement to improve oxygen saturation?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Instructing incentive spirometer use (D) best improves Oâ‚‚ saturation in pneumonia-related atelectasis deep breathing (e.g., 10 breaths/hour) re-expands alveoli, per ATS. High-flow Oâ‚‚ (A) treats hypoxemia, not atelectasis. Postural drainage (B) or percussion (C) clears mucus, less effective for collapse. The document's answer (D) fits spirometry (e.g., 1500 mL) reverses shunting (SpOâ‚‚ <92%), distinguishing it from A's supportive role.
Question 3 of 5
The exchange of gases between the external environment and the lungs ______.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: External respiration is the exchange of gases oxygen in, carbon dioxide out between the external environment and the lungs, occurring in the alveoli where air meets blood. 'Respiration' broadly includes this plus cellular processes, too vague here. Cellular respiration is intracellular, using oxygen to produce energy, not lung-based. 'None' is wrong external respiration fits precisely. This process involves air entering via inhalation, diffusing across alveolar walls into capillaries, and CO2 exiting, driven by partial pressure gradients. It's the lungs' primary role, distinct from internal or cellular phases, a critical distinction in respiratory physiology for gas transport understanding.
Question 4 of 5
In Earthworms, the process of respiration is through ________.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Earthworms respire through their skin, a moist, permeable surface allowing oxygen to diffuse into blood vessels beneath and carbon dioxide to exit no lungs or specialized organs exist. The head isn't a respiratory focus; respiration spans the body. Lungs are absent earthworms lack a respiratory tract. Anterior pores misrepresent skin diffusion, which occurs across all segments. This cutaneous respiration requires dampness, as oxygen dissolves in mucus, a simple yet effective adaptation for soil-dwellers, contrasting with complex lung systems, a key comparative physiology insight.
Question 5 of 5
What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Heart valves are made of dense connective tissue, primarily collagen, providing strength and flexibility to withstand pressure changes, with a core of fibrous tissue layered by endothelium. Areolar connective tissue is loose, not robust enough. Hyaline cartilage is rigid, found in the trachea, not valves. Cardiac muscle forms the heart wall, not valves. This dense tissue, avascular and resilient, ensures durability cusps flex without stretching key in valve function, relevant in pathology like calcification where flexibility diminishes, impacting flow.