ATI LPN
Questions on Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of these correctly orders the structures through which air passes during inhalation?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During inhalation, air follows a specific path through the respiratory tract. It enters via the nasal cavity or mouth, then reaches the pharynx, a shared passage for air and food. Next, it passes the larynx, the voice box, which directs air downward. The trachea, or windpipe, follows, channeling air into the bronchi, which branch into the lungs. The correct sequence pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi reflects this anatomical flow. Other options misplace structures: trachea before larynx reverses the order, and larynx leading directly to bronchi skips essential segments. This pathway ensures air is filtered, warmed, and humidified before reaching the lungs, critical for efficient gas exchange and respiratory protection, a foundational concept in pulmonary anatomy.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bronchopneumonia and experiencing apnea. Which condition should the nurse recognize as the cause of apnea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Respiratory muscle fatigue (B) causes apnea in bronchopneumonia patchy consolidation increases work of breathing, exhausting diaphragm/intercostals, halting respiration. Fluid accumulation (A) causes obstruction, not apnea directly. Bacterial debris (C) or pathogens (D) trigger inflammation, not immediate cessation. Fatigue from hypoxia and hypercapnia (e.g., PaCOâ‚‚ >50 mmHg) disrupts ventilatory drive, per nursing texts. The document's answer (B) reflects this bronchopneumonia's diffuse load fatigues muscles, unlike A's fluid focus or D's vague etiology.
Question 3 of 5
Which instruction should the nurse provide to a client who has pneumonia and is being discharged for home care? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fluid intake (A), avoiding smoke (B), and rest (C) aid pneumonia recovery per the document (A, B, C). A thins mucus (2-3 L/day). B prevents ciliary damage. C reduces Oâ‚‚ demand. Disinfecting (D) is less relevant post-discharge; masks are situational. A's priority hydration eases expectoration of consolidated sputum (e.g., 50-100 mL), distinguishing it as the key instruction.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following functions by filtering and keeping the mucus and dirt away from our lungs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cilia, hair-like structures on respiratory epithelial cells, filter mucus and dirt from the lungs via the mucociliary escalator. They beat rhythmically to sweep trapped particles upward to the pharynx for swallowing or expulsion, protecting deeper airways. Bronchioles, small air passages, lack cilia's filtering role they conduct air. 'Hairs in the lungs' misrepresents nasal hairs, which filter larger particles upstream, not in the lungs. 'All' is inaccurate cilia alone perform this task in the lower tract. This mechanism is crucial for lung defense, impaired in conditions like cystic fibrosis, highlighting cilia's role in respiratory health.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following statements is true about the entry of air into the lungs?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Air enters the lungs via the mouth and nose, passing through the pharynx, larynx, trachea (windpipe), and bronchi. The esophagus and gullet handle food, not air confusing them with airways is anatomically incorrect. 'Windpipe and pores' misrepresents skin's role; respiration isn't cutaneous in humans. The nervous system controls breathing, not air entry. This oral-nasal pathway filters and conditions air, a basic respiratory process, ensuring lung protection and efficient gas exchange, a fundamental concept in airway anatomy and clinical airway management.