Which of the functions of the skin is defined as 'water, electrolytes, and nitrogenous wastes are excreted in small amounts of sweat'

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Elimination,' as this function describes the skin's role in excreting water, electrolytes, and nitrogenous wastes through sweat. Sweat glands produce sweat, a mixture containing these substances, aiding in waste removal and electrolyte balance, albeit in small amounts compared to kidneys. 'Protection' refers to the skin's barrier against pathogens and injury, not excretion. 'Sensation' involves nerve endings detecting stimuli, unrelated to waste. 'Regulation' covers temperature control via sweating or vasoconstriction, but the question specifies excretion, not thermoregulation. Elimination uniquely fits, as it's a recognized skin function in physiology, crucial for nursing knowledge in fluid balance and patient assessment e.g., excessive sweating might signal electrolyte loss. This specificity distinguishes 'Elimination' as the precise answer, aligning with the skin's excretory role.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hemostasis,' as it's the phase where blood vessels constrict to stop bleeding via clotting, then dilate to enhance permeability, leaking plasma and blood components into the injury site. Hemostasis, the first wound healing stage, begins instantly post-injury vasoconstriction forms a clot, followed by vasodilation to initiate inflammation. 'Inflammatory phase' follows, focusing on immune response (e.g., neutrophil influx), not initial clotting. 'Proliferation phase' involves tissue rebuilding, not vessel dynamics described here. 'A and B' is incorrect constriction and dilation are hemostasis-specific, not inflammatory. In nursing, recognizing hemostasis aids early wound assessment e.g., excessive bleeding signals issues. The question's vessel behavior pinpoints A, distinguishing it from later phases.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Delegation prioritizes safety and competence. Knowing the LPN/LVN scope is critical but applies to the delegator, not the first step for a task. Seeking approval or explaining comes after ensuring the delegatee's capability. Being aware of the nursing assistant's competency and experience is the first step, per ANA delegation principles, ensuring the task matches their skills (e.g., bathing, not wound care). This prevents errors, aligns with patient safety goals, and reflects practical nursing oversight, making it the correct priority before proceeding.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Medicare denies payment for preventable hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) under CMS policy. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) post-knee replacement is an HAC if prophylaxis (e.g., anticoagulants) wasn't followed, deemed avoidable with proper care. Risk status doesn't negate prevention duty. Cost-cutting isn't specific to DVT. Private insurance isn't assumed. Preventability drives nonpayment, per CMS guidelines, making it the correct reason LPNs must ensure prophylaxis adherence.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: LPN/LVNs work under RN or physician supervision (Choice D), per NCSBN scope, focusing on stable patients. Giving meds is shared with RNs, not unique. Noninvasive procedures aren't exclusive LPNs do invasive tasks like injections. Patient load varies, not a defining difference. Supervision ensures LPNs implement care plans RNs design, reflecting their practical focus, making this the correct distinction.