ATI LPN
Renal System Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following would be a consequence of renal failure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Renal failure impairs erythropoiesis, pH balance, and waste clearance.
Question 2 of 5
A client who has been taking finasteride, an enzyme (5-alpha reductase) inhibitor used to shrink the prostate gland, is admitted because of continuing benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH) symptoms. When planning care, which nursing problem should the nurse address first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urinary retention should be the nurse's first priority for a client with BPH on finasteride with ongoing symptoms. BPH obstructs urine flow, and finasteride aims to reduce prostate size, but persistent symptoms suggest unrelieved obstruction, risking bladder distention, infection, or renal damage. This is a physiological priority per Maslow's hierarchy over pain, infection risk, or sleep, requiring immediate assessment (e.g., residual urine) and intervention (e.g., catheterization) to prevent complications.
Question 3 of 5
Which cell in the collecting tubule of the renal tubules functions in maintaining water and salt balance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Principal cells in the collecting tubule regulate water and salt balance. They reabsorb sodium (Naâº) in response to aldosterone, aiding salt retention, and reabsorb water under antidiuretic hormone (ADH) control, concentrating urine and maintaining blood volume. Intercalated cells focus on acid-base balance, while macula densa cells (in the distal tubule) and mesangial cells (in the glomerulus) serve different purposes, making B the correct choice for water and salt regulation.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a protein made by the kidney?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in response to hypoxia, stimulating red blood cell production in the bone marrow. Angiotensin is a peptide formed systemically, mesangial matrix is an extracellular structure, and creatinine is a waste product, not a protein made by the kidney, making D the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
First stimulation in the micturition reflex is when the volume reaches?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The micturition reflex begins with the first urge to void at 150-300 ml, typically around 150 ml, when bladder stretch receptors activate afferent pelvic nerve signals to the sacral cord. This initiates reflex detrusor contraction, though voluntary control can delay it. Higher volumes (300-700 ml) escalate sensations, but 150 ml marks the reflex onset, making A correct.