Which of the following statements regarding pediatric anatomy is correct?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding pediatric anatomy is crucial for providing safe and effective care to children. The correct answer is B) The occiput is proportionately larger when compared to an adult. This statement is correct because infants and young children have proportionately larger heads compared to their body size, with the occiput being prominent. This anatomical feature is important to consider when positioning and assessing infants and young children. Option A) The child's trachea is more rigid and less prone to collapse is incorrect. In reality, a child's trachea is softer and more flexible, making them more susceptible to collapse, especially in cases of respiratory distress. Option C) Airway obstruction is common in children due to their large uvula is incorrect. Airway obstruction in children is more commonly associated with factors such as swollen tonsils, adenoids, or foreign body aspiration rather than the size of the uvula. Option D) Relative to the overall size of the airway, a child's epiglottis is smaller is incorrect. In children, the epiglottis is relatively larger compared to the size of the airway, serving to protect the delicate structures of the lower respiratory tract during swallowing. Understanding pediatric anatomy is essential for pediatric nurses to provide appropriate care, anticipate potential issues, and intervene effectively in pediatric emergencies. By knowing these anatomical differences, nurses can better assess, plan, and implement care for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Gastric distention in infants and children can lead to a decrease in ventilatory volume. This occurs because the distended stomach can limit the movement of the diaphragm, reducing its ability to contract and expand the chest cavity effectively. As a result, the amount of air entering and leaving the lungs is decreased, impacting ventilation. Tracheal rupture, acute rupture of the diaphragm, and less effective chest compressions are not typically associated with gastric distention.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Given the mechanism of injury and the distance the child was thrown, a primary pelvic injury should be suspected due to the high impact and force. The pelvis is a common site for significant injury in such cases, and the distance the child was thrown indicates a high-energy impact that could lead to pelvic fractures or injuries.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the most appropriate initial action is option D, which is to ask a female EMT to attempt to assess the patient. This is the best course of action because it respects the patient's autonomy and comfort while ensuring that the necessary assessment is still conducted by a healthcare professional. Option A is incorrect because obtaining a signed refusal without attempting any assessment could compromise the patient's care and well-being. Option B is also incorrect as transporting the patient without an assessment could lead to missing important injuries or evidence. Option C is not appropriate as it disregards the patient's wishes and autonomy, which is crucial in a sensitive situation like this. In a pediatric nursing context, it is essential to always prioritize the well-being and comfort of the patient, especially in cases of trauma like sexual assault. Respecting the patient's wishes while ensuring that necessary healthcare interventions are still carried out is a delicate balance that healthcare professionals must navigate skillfully. This approach not only promotes patient-centered care but also fosters trust and rapport between the patient and healthcare team.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a responsive 4-year-old child with a mild airway obstruction, respiratory distress, a strong cough, and normal skin color, the appropriate treatment includes providing supplemental oxygen and arranging for transport to a healthcare facility. Oxygen helps alleviate the respiratory distress, and transport ensures the child receives further evaluation and care by healthcare professionals. Back slaps and subdiaphragmatic thrusts are not recommended for a child with a mild airway obstruction and normal skin color, as these interventions are typically reserved for more severe cases of airway obstruction.