Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choice D is true; irritant receptors adapt rapidly to stimuli (e.g., smoke), triggering cough. Choice A is false; stretch receptors are in smooth muscle. Choice B is wrong; J receptors cause rapid, shallow breathing (e.g., edema). ' irritant impulses are myelinated (vagus). Rapid adaptation distinguishes irritant receptors, making D the accurate statement.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: inspiratory capacity (IC = TV + IRV) is ≈3300 mL (500 + 2800), but the question implies a mismatch standard male IC is ≈3600 mL (TV + IRV ≈ 3.1 L), suggesting 3300 is low. Choice A (500 mL) is true. Choice B (1200 mL) fits RV. Choice C (1000 mL) matches ERV. Choice E (VC = 4800 mL) is correct (ERV + TV + IRV). For a 70 kg male, IC aligns closer to 3.5-3.6 L, making D's 3300 mL the error.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Influenza poses greater risks to individuals with compromised immune systems, chronic illnesses, or developmental vulnerabilities. The grandmother with COPD faces heightened risk due to her chronic respiratory condition, which impairs lung function and makes flu complications like pneumonia more likely. The father with HIV has a weakened immune system, increasing susceptibility to severe flu outcomes. The newborn baby girl, with an immature immune system, is also at high risk, as infants under six months cannot receive the flu vaccine and struggle to fight infections. The mother with anemia, while possibly fatigued, does not have a condition that inherently heightens flu complication risks to the same degree. The 8-year-old boy, assuming no chronic conditions, is less vulnerable. The nurse must identify those most likely to suffer severe outcomes here, the grandmother, father, and newborn based on their health status and age-related vulnerabilities, ensuring they receive prioritized care and monitoring.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Asking if the infant is having trouble breathing best determines acuity because respiratory distress in a 6-month-old with flu-like symptoms signals a potentially life-threatening condition, like bronchiolitis or pneumonia, requiring immediate evaluation. Infants have small airways and immature lungs, making breathing difficulty a red flag symptoms like rapid breathing or grunting indicate severity. Temperature matters, but fever alone doesn't assess urgency as precisely. Nasal drainage is common in flu but not inherently acute. Symptom onset helps timeline illness but doesn't pinpoint critical status. The nurse prioritizes breathing difficulty because, in infants under six months (too young for flu shots), respiratory compromise is a leading cause of flu-related hospitalization, guiding the parent to seek care if this symptom is present, ensuring timely intervention for the vulnerable child.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Effective teaching means the patient understands the influenza vaccine (injectable form) is an inactivated virus, unable to cause flu but possibly triggering mild cold-like symptoms (e.g., soreness, low fever) from immune activation. This reflects accurate knowledge unlike the live nasal spray, the shot doesn't infect, and side effects are transient, not illness. Believing it's live and causes 4–7 days of sickness misinterprets the shot's nature. Vaccines prevent, not cure, flu, so that's incorrect. Annual vaccination is recommended due to strain changes, contradicting last year's shot sufficing. The provider confirms comprehension when the patient grasps the vaccine's mechanism and mild effects, ensuring informed acceptance and adherence, critical for public health protection against evolving flu viruses.