Which of the following statements is true?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hepatitis A infection may have a relapsing course. Hepatitis A infection can indeed have a relapsing course, with symptoms recurring after an initial improvement. This is due to the nature of the virus and the immune response. A: Alcoholic hepatitis typically has an AST/ALT ratio less than 2 - This statement is incorrect because in alcoholic hepatitis, the AST/ALT ratio is typically greater than 2. B: Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency is associated with arteriovenous malformations of the brain - This statement is incorrect as A1AT deficiency is primarily associated with pulmonary manifestations such as emphysema and liver disease, not brain arteriovenous malformations. C: Serum A1AT levels are diagnostic of A1AT deficiency - This is incorrect as A1AT levels can be influenced by various factors and genetic testing is needed for a definitive diagnosis of A1AT deficiency

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: NSAIDs are known to irritate the gastric mucosa. NSAIDs can cause direct damage to the stomach lining, increasing the risk of peptic ulcers and worsening existing peptic ulcers. This is due to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, which plays a protective role in maintaining the integrity of the gastric mucosa. Explanation for incorrect choices: A: NSAIDs do not increase gastric acid secretion; they primarily affect the mucosal lining. B: NSAIDs do not delay gastric emptying; this is more commonly associated with other factors like certain medications or medical conditions. D: NSAIDs and proton pump inhibitors have different mechanisms of action and do not directly interfere with each other.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Constipation. Antacids containing aluminum or calcium can lead to constipation due to their ability to slow down gut motility. This can cause difficulty in passing stool. Diarrhea (choice A) is not a common side effect of antacids. Weight gain (choice C) and dizziness (choice D) are also not typical side effects of antacids. Constipation is a well-known side effect of antacids, making choice B the correct answer in managing PUD.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. H2RAs block acid secretion by inhibiting histamine. Histamine stimulates acid production by binding to H2 receptors on parietal cells. By blocking these receptors, H2RAs reduce acid secretion, providing relief in peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Choice A is incorrect because H2RAs do not neutralize gastric acid directly. Choice C is incorrect as H2RAs do not coat the stomach lining. Choice D is incorrect as H2RAs do not eradicate H. pylori, the bacteria commonly associated with PUD.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Both NSAIDs and aspirin inhibit prostaglandins, reducing mucosal protection and worsening PUD.