Which of the following statements indicates that a client with chronic gastritis understands the dietary modifications needed to manage their condition?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because avoiding spicy foods and caffeinated beverages helps reduce irritation to the stomach lining in chronic gastritis. Spicy foods can exacerbate inflammation, while caffeine can increase stomach acid production. These dietary modifications are essential for managing symptoms. Option B is incorrect because alcohol can irritate the stomach lining and worsen gastritis. Option C is incorrect as increasing dairy intake may not be necessary and could potentially aggravate symptoms in some individuals. Option D is incorrect as eating small, frequent meals is actually recommended for managing chronic gastritis to prevent excessive stomach acid production.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: A-large, B-amino acids, C-simple sugars. Rationale: 1. Organic compounds like proteins and starches are too large to diffuse into cells, which is why the word "large" fits in blank A. 2. Proteins are digested into amino acids, so "amino acids" is the appropriate choice for blank B. 3. Starches are digested into simple sugars, making "simple sugars" the correct word for blank C. Summary: - Option A is incorrect because proteins are digested into amino acids, not simple sugars. - Option B is incorrect because it does not account for the specific digestion products of proteins and starches. - Option D is incorrect because starches are digested into simple sugars, not amino acids.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Correct Answer: D Rationale: 1. Digestion begins in the mouth with mechanical and chemical breakdown of food by chewing and saliva. 2. Chewing helps break down food into smaller pieces, increasing surface area for enzymes to act upon. 3. Saliva contains enzymes that start breaking down starches into sugars. 4. Chewing mixes food with saliva, aiding in the initial digestion process. 5. The statement that "digestive juices can react more easily with the food when chewed" is incorrect. Digestive juices act after food passes through the mouth and into the stomach and intestines, not in the mouth.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. The liver does not manufacture insulin; this function is carried out by the pancreas. 2. Storing food is a function of the liver (choice A). 3. Producing digestive juices is a function of the liver (choice C). 4. The liver has the ability to regenerate and heal itself when damaged (choice D). Summary: Choice B is incorrect because the liver does not manufacture insulin; the correct answer is B. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they are all functions of the liver.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: stomach to the esophagus. The cardiac sphincter is located between the esophagus and the stomach. Its main function is to prevent the backflow of stomach contents, including acid chyme, from the stomach back into the esophagus. This helps to protect the delicate lining of the esophagus from damage due to the acidic environment of the stomach. Explanation for other choices: A: The esophagus does not connect to the mouth, so backflow from the esophagus to the mouth is not a concern. C: The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine and is located after the stomach, so backflow to the stomach is not controlled by the cardiac sphincter. D: The colon is part of the large intestine and is not directly connected to the small intestine, so backflow from the colon to the small intestine is not relevant to the function of the cardiac sphincter.