Which of the following statements indicates that a client with chronic gastritis understands the dietary modifications needed to manage their condition?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Avoiding spicy foods and caffeinated beverages helps reduce gastric irritation in chronic gastritis, indicating proper understanding. Occasional wine may still irritate the stomach lining. Increasing dairy can worsen symptoms in some due to lactose or fat content. Small, frequent meals are recommended, not avoided, to reduce acid load.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Proteins and starches are too large to diffuse into cells. Proteins are digested into amino acids , and starches into simple sugars , matching digestion products.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Choices A, B, and C are correct: the tongue manipulates food, saliva (with amylase) converts starches to sugars, and it positions food for chewing. D is incorrect because chewing enhances digestion by breaking food into smaller pieces, but 'digestive juices reacting more easily' is vague and not a primary mouth function—digestion continues later with gastric and intestinal juices.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The liver stores glycogen , produces bile , and can regenerate , but insulin is made by the pancreas, not the liver, making B correct.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The cardiac (lower esophageal) sphincter prevents acid chyme from refluxing into the esophagus, making B correct.