Which of the following statements about Parkinson'

Question 1 of 5

Which of the following statements about Parkinson's disease is true?

A. Parkinson's disease can be cured with injections of serotonin. B. Parkinson's disease results from the death of neurons in the cerebellum. C. Parkinson's disease is a motor disorder, affecting physical movements of the body. D. Parkinson's disease is age-related, decreasing in frequency as people age.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Parkinson’s is a motor disorder (tremors, rigidity) due to dopamine neuron loss in the substantia nigra, not cerebellum.

Question 2 of 5

The substance that is released at axonal endings to propagate a nervous impulse is called:

A. an ion B. nerve glue C. a neurotransmitter D. the sodium-potassium pump

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Neurotransmitters are chemicals released from axon terminals into the synapse to transmit signals to the next cell.

Question 3 of 5

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, going from superior to inferior:

A. thoracic spinal nerves, cervical spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves B. cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves C. thoracic spinal nerves, cervical spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves D. cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spinal nerves exit in order: cervical (neck), thoracic (chest), lumbar (lower back), sacral (pelvis), from superior to inferior.

Question 4 of 5

A difference between rods and cones is:

A. Rods hyperpolarize to light, while cones depolarize to light B. Cones do not use the effector enzyme phosphodiesterase C. Cones and rods use different types of opsins D. Only cones contain retinal

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rods and cones both hyperpolarize to light and use retinal, but they have distinct opsins (e.g., rhodopsin in rods, photopsins in cones).

Question 5 of 5

In comparison to other G-protein coupled second messenger signaling pathways (like metabotropic neurotransmitter receptors) the situation in photopigment transduction is different because:

A. the stimulus (light) causes a change in receptor protein conformation B. the G-protein response involves binding GTP C. in response to stimulus (light), the level of second messenger decreases D. the consequent increase in ion channel conductance

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In phototransduction, light reduces cGMP (second messenger), unlike most G-protein pathways where it increases, closing Na⁺ channels.

Which of the following statements about Parkinson's disease is true?

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