Which of the following statement is TRUE about resource utilization?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Resource utilization optimizes available resources (B), per nursing e.g., using tools for Mr. Gary efficiently. Not wastes (A), not emergency-only (C), not all (D) resource-focused. B truly defines its role, supporting care, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Lactated Ringer's contains lactate, metabolized into bicarbonate by the liver. In lactic acidosis, where lactate levels are already high (e.g., sepsis), this exacerbates acid-base imbalance, risking further acidosis. It's safe for hypovolemia, burns, or fluid loss, restoring volume and electrolytes. Nurses must assess patient conditions, avoiding this solution when liver function or lactate clearance is compromised, opting for alternatives like normal saline to maintain stability.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Stress from prolonged surgery triggers cortisol release, increasing potassium excretion via urine (aldosterone effect) and shifting it intracellularly, causing hypokalemia. Sodium is retained, calcium and chloride less affected. Nurses monitor for weakness or arrhythmias, replacing potassium to counter steroid-induced losses, maintaining electrolyte balance critical post-op.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Computerized documentation enhances accuracy, legibility, and rapid communication, streamlining nursing workflows and improving care coordination. However, a significant disadvantage is the concern for privacy, as digital records are vulnerable to breaches, hacking, or unauthorized access, risking patient confidentiality. Unlike paper records, which can be physically secured, electronic systems require robust safeguards encryption, passwords, and audits to comply with privacy laws like HIPAA. A breach could expose sensitive data, eroding trust and legal standing. Accuracy isn't a disadvantage; technology reduces errors compared to handwriting. Legibility is a benefit, eliminating misreads from poor penmanship. Rapid communication aids timely care, not a drawback. Privacy concerns, though manageable with security measures, remain a critical challenge, balancing efficiency gains against the ethical duty to protect patient information, making it the primary disadvantage in this context.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Florence Nightingale is recognized as modern nursing's founder, transforming it into a respected profession in the 19th century. Her work during the Crimean War improving sanitation, reducing mortality established nursing's scientific and caring ethos. She wrote 'Notes on Nursing,' formalizing education and practice standards, shifting nursing from untrained aid to a skilled discipline. Dorothea Orem developed the Self-Care Deficit Theory, influential but later (20th century). Jean Watson's Caring Theory emphasizes humanism, building on Nightingale's legacy, not founding it. Callista Roy's Adaptation Model is another modern framework, not foundational. Nightingale's pioneering efforts in hygiene, education, and professionalization laid the groundwork, making her the historical and symbolic founder of modern nursing globally.