ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamental Physical Assessment LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following statement is TRUE about management in nursing?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Management organizes resources (B), per nursing e.g., staffing for Mr. Gary. Not avoids (A), not doctor-only (C), not all (D) resource-focused. B truly defines management's role, supporting care, making it correct.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following ethical principles refers to the duty not to harm?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nonmaleficence, meaning 'do no harm,' is a core ethical principle in healthcare, obligating nurses to avoid causing injury, like double-checking medications. Beneficence promotes good, fidelity ensures loyalty, and veracity demands truthfulness. In practice, nonmaleficence guides safety protocols, balancing risks and benefits to protect patients, a foundational duty in ethical decision-making across all care settings.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse inadvertently infuses an IV solution containing potassium chloride too rapidly. Which of the following is an appropriate intervention advised by the physician?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rapid potassium chloride infusion risks hyperkalemia, causing cardiac arrhythmias. Insulin with dextrose shifts potassium into cells, lowering serum levels quickly and safely. Ringer's or normal saline dilutes but doesn't correct potassium directly. Albumin addresses oncotic pressure, not electrolytes. Nurses act swiftly, monitoring ECG and levels, reversing toxicity to prevent life-threatening complications like asystole.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse listens to Mrs. Sullen's lungs and notes a hissing sound or musical sound. The nurse documents this as:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Wheezes are characterized by high-pitched, musical, or hissing sounds heard during breathing, typically on exhalation, due to narrowed airways. This occurs when air is forced through constricted passages, often caused by conditions like asthma, bronchitis, or allergies. In Mrs. Sullen's case, the nurse's description of a hissing or musical sound perfectly matches the definition of wheezes, making it the appropriate documentation. Rhonchi, in contrast, are low-pitched, rattling sounds linked to secretions in larger airways, often cleared by coughing. Gurgles suggest fluid movement, typically in the gastrointestinal tract or severe lung conditions like pulmonary edema, not matching the description here. Vesicular sounds are normal, soft, breezy breath sounds heard over healthy lung tissue, not hissing or musical. Documenting wheezes alerts the healthcare team to a potential respiratory issue requiring further assessment, ensuring Mrs. Sullen receives proper care based on this precise observation.
Question 5 of 5
This level of prevention would be directed at minimizing complications of disease:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on minimizing complications and optimizing function once a disease is established, such as rehabilitation or managing chronic conditions to prevent further deterioration. In nursing, this might involve wound care to prevent infection in a diabetic patient or physical therapy post-stroke. Primary prevention, like vaccinations, aims to prevent disease onset entirely, not address existing conditions. Secondary prevention involves early detection and treatment, such as screenings, to halt progression, not minimize complications. Illness prevention is vague and not a standard term, often overlapping with primary efforts, but lacks the specificity of tertiary care's focus on existing disease. Tertiary prevention aligns with the question's intent, emphasizing interventions that reduce the impact of an already-diagnosed condition, ensuring patients maintain the highest possible quality of life despite their illness, a key aspect of holistic nursing practice.