Which of the following statement is NOT true about patient-centered care?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Patient-centered care respects values (A), boosts satisfaction (B), includes family (D) 'ignores preferences' (C) isn't true, as it's preference-driven, per standards. C's negation fails, making it untrue.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nightingale trained at Kaiserwerth, Germany, in 1851, under Pastor Fliedner's deaconess program gaining skills for her Crimean success. Not Belgium, US, or England (where she later worked), this German stint shaped her environmental focus, influencing nursing's formal education roots.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A concept in nursing is a group of abstract ideas or objects linked by relationships, forming the building blocks of understanding like 'health' encompassing wellness and disease. Theory expands this, weaving concepts into a structured explanation, such as Orem's self-care model. Deductive reasoning starts with a general idea (e.g., all humans need oxygen) to infer specifics (this patient needs oxygen), while inductive reasoning observes specifics (patients improve with oxygen) to generalize. Concepts are foundational, enabling nurses to define and explore phenomena like pain's physical and emotional ties before theorizing. This abstraction aids in assessing client needs, planning care, and communicating effectively, grounding nursing in clear, relational ideas that evolve with practice and research, distinct from the logical processes of reasoning.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Saint Elizabeth of Hungary (13th century), a princess, fed hundreds daily and built hospitals e.g., using wealth for charity. Unlike Catherine (lamp lady), Nightingale (modern nurse), or Gamp (fictional), she's nursing's patron saint, her altruism inspiring early caregiving traditions in Christian nursing history.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Wrist drop is inability to extend the wrist. Axillary nerve (choice A) affects shoulder, not wrist. Ulnar nerve (choice B) impacts hand sensation/movement, not extension. Median nerve (choice C) controls forearm flexors. Radial nerve (choice D) innervates wrist extensors; injury (e.g., humeral fracture) causes wrist drop. D is correct, per anatomy. Nurses assess grip, apply splints, and support rehab, aiding recovery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Documentation is accurate care records (B), per nursing e.g., vitals logged. Not optional (A), not opinion (C), not temporary (D) legal record. B best defines its role, tracking Mr. Gary's care, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A respiratory rate of 30 (normal 12-20) and axillary temp of 99.6 F (slightly high) warrant reporting.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nurses as care providers begin by determining client needs, the cornerstone of the nursing process. This involves assessing conditions such as identifying dehydration in a feverish patient before delivering care like fluids. Providing direct care is an outcome of this, while psychological support and collaboration are specific aspects, not the defining role. For example, a nurse first assesses shortness of breath to decide on oxygen therapy, ensuring interventions are tailored. This foundational step, rooted in frameworks like Gordon's, ensures care is systematic and effective, distinguishing nursing from reactive or uncoordinated efforts in healthcare delivery.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Developmental milestones flag delays if unmet. Walking at 12 months (choice A) is average; delay to 18 months is still normal. Single words at 12 months (choice B) vary (9-18 months), not an immediate red flag. Social smile by 3 months (choice C, typically 6-8 weeks) is critical; absence by 3 months suggests autism or neurological issues, a major concern. Vocalization at 2 months (choice D, cooing) is expected, but delay isn't as alarming as smile absence. C is correct, as it's a key early red flag. Nurses refer for evaluation, ensuring timely intervention.