Which of the following statement best describe leadership in nursing?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leadership is guiding care delivery (B), per nursing e.g., directing Mr. Gary's team. Not following (A), not task (C), not clerical (D) direction-based. B best defines leadership's role, enhancing care, making it correct.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The transtheoretical model outlines behavior change stages: precontemplation (unaware of need), contemplation (considering change), preparation, action, and maintenance. 'Perceived benefit' aligns with the Health Belief Model, not this framework, which focuses on readiness, not perceived outcomes. 'Peraptation' seems a typo, possibly meaning preparation, but isn't listed. Nurses use this model to tailor interventions, like motivational interviewing in contemplation, supporting patients through change processes effectively.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hypokalemia (low potassium) impairs intestinal motility, causing abdominal distention from gas or ileus. Edema relates to fluid imbalance, muscle spasms to hypocalcemia, and Kussmaul breathing to acidosis not potassium. Nurses assess for distention, weakness, or arrhythmias, correcting levels to restore gastrointestinal and muscular function, vital for patient stability.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The urea breath test detects *H. pylori* by measuring urease activity (CO2 output), offering high accuracy, low cost, and noninvasiveness. Stool antigen is accurate but less convenient, serology detects past exposure, and biopsy is invasive. Nurses favor this test for diagnosing ulcers, guiding antibiotic therapy, balancing efficacy and patient comfort.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy prioritizes physiological needs (e.g., breathing) over safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization. Ineffective breathing pattern, evidenced by shortness of breath, threatens oxygenation a fundamental survival need making it the highest priority. Pain-induced respiratory distress could escalate to hypoxia, requiring immediate action like repositioning or oxygen support. Anxiety, while distressing, is a psychological need, lower on Maslow's scale unless it impairs breathing (not indicated here). Risk of injury is a safety concern, important but not immediate unless actualized. Impaired communication affects social interaction, even lower priority, manageable with alternative methods. Breathing's critical role in sustaining life places this diagnosis at the top, demanding swift nursing response to stabilize the patient before addressing less urgent needs, aligning with Maslow's foundational logic.