Which of the following should be done by the nurse when assisting an elderly client in urinalysis?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Elderly clients urinate, discard first stream, collect midstream e.g., reduces contamination. Pressing (inappropriate), catheter (invasive), multiple voids (incorrect) differ. Nurses assist e.g., instruction for accuracy, per protocols.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: This scenario illustrates traditional knowledge, where skills or practices are handed down informally from one generation of nurses to the next within a specific setting, like a hospital. The nurse learned IV administration techniques from predecessors, reflecting a legacy of experiential learning rather than formal research or expert directive. Authoritative knowledge would involve guidance from a recognized expert, such as a clinical instructor, based on established credentials. Scientific knowledge derives from rigorous studies, like clinical trials validating IV methods. Philosophy pertains to abstract beliefs, not practical skills. Traditional knowledge often shapes workplace culture and practice, especially in longstanding institutions, but may not always align with current evidence. Recognizing this helps nurses integrate historical methods with modern standards, ensuring safe, effective care while honoring institutional heritage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Qualitative research in nursing explores narratives and experiences, not numbers, offering depth into human perspectives. Examining issues with Native American/First Nation clients uses ethnography, studying cultural health contexts. Investigating past trends is historical research, tracing nursing's evolution through stories. Discovering how illness affects lives is phenomenological, capturing lived experiences like cancer's emotional toll. Examining intervention effects or cause-and-effect in labs is quantitative, focusing on measurable outcomes, not narratives. Qualitative methods generate rich, contextual knowledge like understanding tribal healing views enhancing culturally sensitive care. This contrasts with quantitative's statistical focus, giving nurses tools to address subjective client needs, vital for holistic practice and advancing nursing's interpretive science.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Chronic conditions need ongoing care, and the COPD client with wheezing and coughing signals this. COPD, irreversible lung damage, shows chronic symptoms shortness of breath, cough requiring follow-up like inhaler adjustments or oxygen therapy to manage exacerbations. The sprained ankle and burn are acute, healing with time, not chronic. Diabetes is chronic, but the toe wound is an acute complication needing immediate care, not long-term follow-up here. COPD's persistent nature unlike acute injuries demands sustained nursing, monitoring lung function or educating on triggers, aligning with chronic care's focus on stability and preventing decline, critical in outpatient settings where continuity matters.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Healthy People sets evidence-based goals to boost U.S. health, and reducing adolescent marijuana use is a key objective cutting substance use lowers risks like addiction or mental health issues, aligning with illness prevention and youth wellness. More nurses or hospital funding, while supportive, aren't direct objectives workforce and economics underpin goals, not define them. Reducing insurance companies isn't a target; access expansion is. Marijuana reduction tied to data showing rising teen use fits the initiative's focus on behavior and health outcomes, guiding nursing to educate or screen in schools. This objective reflects nursing's preventive role, tackling a measurable public health issue with broad impact, distinct from structural fixes, and rooted in decades of Healthy People's population-focused vision.