ATI LPN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 4
Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na⁺ level of 152 mEq/L?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High osmolality (from Na⁺ 152 mEq/L) triggers ADH to retain water.
Question 2 of 4
The main intracellular cation is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Potassium dominates inside cells, critical for membrane potential.
Question 3 of 4
The respiratory rate of a hospitalized patient increased from 12 per minute to 38 per minute. This increase in respiratory rate continued for 5 minutes. Would the following blood parameters increase, decrease, or remain the same? a. pH b. hydrogen ion concentration c. carbon dioxide concentration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperventilation raises pH, lowers H⁺, and decreases CO₂.
Question 4 of 4
The patient has severe hyperthyroidism and will have surgery tomorrow. What assessment is most important for the nurse to perform in order to detect development of the highest risk acid-base imbalance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Thyroid hormone increases metabolic rate, causing a patient with severe hyperthyroidism to have high risk of metabolic acidosis from increased production of metabolic acids. Metabolic acidosis decreases level of consciousness. Changes in urine output, urine color, and lung sounds are not signs of metabolic acidosis. Although metabolic acidosis often causes tachycardia, many other factors influence heart rate and blood pressure, including thyroid hormone.