ATI LPN
Questions on the Urinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following promotes sodium retention and potassium loss from the blood across the wall of the distal convoluted tubule?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aldosterone (C) increases sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion in the distal tubule, regulating electrolytes. Renin (A) triggers the RAAS, angiotensin II (B) stimulates aldosterone, and angiotensin I (D) is a precursor, making C the direct effector.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following is incorrect concerning ADH?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ADH increases collecting duct water permeability (C is incorrect), concentrating urine, not decreases it. Osmolarity (A), alcohol (B), and pituitary storage (D) are true, making C the error.
Question 3 of 5
After the home health nurse teaches a patient with a neurogenic bladder how to use intermittent catheterization for bladder emptying, which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cleaning the catheter before/after use (B) reflects correct home clean technique for intermittent catheterization. Sterile technique (A) is hospital-based, daily new catheters (C) are unnecessary (weekly is fine), and antibiotics (D) aren't routine, making B the effective learning sign.
Question 4 of 5
What action should the nurse take first when a patient's urine dipstick test indicates a small amount of protein?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Normally the urinalysis will show zero to trace amounts of protein, but some medications may give false-positive readings. The other actions by the nurse may be appropriate but checking for medications that may affect the dipstick accuracy should be first.
Question 5 of 5
In the accompanying figure, what is the nurse assessing via percussion?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse in the photo is using indirect percussion to determine the presence or absence of costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness, which suggests pyelonephritis or polycystic kidney disease. The liver size would be percussed from the anterior direction with the patient positioned supine. Chest stability and excursion are determined by palpating and observing for symmetry of expansion. Pulmonary tissue density would be determined by tapping the interphalangeal joint over the lung fields and listening for resonance.