ATI LPN
Assessment of Hematologic System NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following problems is expected in a child who is in end-stage renal failure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anemia. End-stage renal failure leads to decreased production of erythropoietin, resulting in anemia. This causes a decrease in red blood cell production, leading to fatigue, weakness, and pale skin in the child. Explanation for why other choices are incorrect: B: Diarrhea is not typically associated with end-stage renal failure. C: Hypotension may occur in some cases of renal failure, but it is not a common problem in end-stage renal failure. D: Renal calculi are more common in conditions like kidney stones, which may lead to renal failure, but they are not directly expected in a child in end-stage renal failure.
Question 2 of 5
While teaching the parents of a newborn about infant care and feeding, which instruction by the nurse is the most appropriate?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Delay supplemental foods until the infant is 4 to 6 months old. This instruction aligns with the current recommendations from major health organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics. Introducing solid foods too early can increase the risk of allergies, obesity, and other health issues. Delaying until 4 to 6 months allows the infant's digestive system to mature, reducing the likelihood of food allergies and digestive problems. Choice B is incorrect because weight alone is not a reliable indicator of an infant's readiness for solid foods. Choice C is incorrect as introducing diluted fruit juice at 2 months can be harmful due to the sugar content and lack of essential nutrients. Choice D is incorrect as adding rice cereal to address sleep issues is not recommended and may increase the risk of choking or overfeeding.
Question 3 of 5
Which toy is the most developmentally appropriate for an 18- to 24-month-old child?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: A push-and-pull toy. At 18-24 months, children are developing gross motor skills. Push-and-pull toys help strengthen muscles and improve coordination. They also encourage balance and enhance spatial awareness. Nesting blocks are more suitable for fine motor skills, while a bicycle with training wheels requires more advanced motor skills. A computer is not developmentally appropriate as young children need hands-on, physical play for optimal growth and learning.
Question 4 of 5
The mother of a child with tetralogy of Fallot asks the nurse why her child has clubbed fingers. The nurse bases the response on the understanding that clubbing is due to which of the following?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Peripheral hypoxia. Clubbing of fingers is commonly seen in conditions with chronic hypoxia, such as tetralogy of Fallot. The lack of oxygen in the blood causes changes in the blood vessels leading to clubbing. Anemia (choice A) may cause tissue hypoxia but is not directly related to clubbing. Delayed physical growth (choice C) is not a known cause of clubbing. Destruction of bone marrow (choice D) is unrelated to clubbing.
Question 5 of 5
A cardiac defect that allows blood to shunt from the (high pressure) left side of the heart to the (lower pressure) right side can result in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Congestive heart failure. A cardiac defect causing left-to-right shunting leads to increased blood volume in the right side of the heart, causing volume overload and eventually congestive heart failure. Cyanosis (choice A) occurs with right-to-left shunting, not left-to-right shunting. Decreased pulmonary blood flow (choice C) would be more likely with a defect causing right-to-left shunting. Bounding pulses in upper extremities (choice D) are not directly related to left-to-right shunting but can be seen in conditions like aortic regurgitation.