Which of the following principles of primary nursing has proven the most satisfying to the patient and nurse?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The holistic approach enhances satisfaction through comprehensive care and relationships.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The stethoscope bell auscultates low-frequency Korotkoff sounds e.g., tapping in BP unlike the diaphragm (high-frequency). Pulse +4 (bounding), +1 (weak), and sound pitch (low) differ. Nurses use this e.g., bell placement for clear readings, per auscultation technique.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Restraints don't prevent confusion; they may worsen it by increasing stress.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Crisis doesn't last 4 months (C); it's acute, typically resolving within 6 weeks, per crisis theory (e.g., Caplan). Heightened stress (A), disorganized function (B), and unpleasant feelings (D) are true. C's prolonged duration misaligns with crisis' short-term nature, making it the untrue statement.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Leadership is guiding and influencing care (B), per nursing e.g., directing team. Not following (A), not passive (C), not clerical (D) active influence. B best defines leadership's role, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tetanus immunoglobulin provides immediate passive immunity against *Clostridium tetani* in contaminated wounds, neutralizing toxins in unvaccinated patients. DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) and tetanus toxoid build active immunity over time, unsuitable for acute cases. Tetanus antitoxin is outdated. Nurses administer immunoglobulin alongside toxoid for dual protection, preventing tetanus's lethal muscle spasms, critical in emergency settings.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cherry-red urine clearing over time is expected post-extracorporeal lithotripsy, reflecting initial hematuria from stone fragmentation, then resolution as bleeding subsides a normal progression. Orange tinge, persistent dark red, or smoky urine suggest other issues. Nurses monitor this to confirm procedure success, reassuring clients while watching for prolonged bleeding or infection.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Deductive reasoning involves applying a general framework to a specific situation, and assessing a client using Maslow's Hierarchy to define a nutritional problem exemplifies this. The student starts with the broad theory of human needs, then deduces that the client's issue fits within the physiological category, specifically nutrition. Observing constipation and gathering data is inductive, moving from specifics to a general conclusion. Suspecting dishonesty and checking sources is investigative, not strictly deductive. Identifying alternatives and choosing one is problem-solving, not deduction. Using Maslow's model demonstrates how a nurse logically narrows a general principle to a specific client need, showcasing critical thinking essential for effective care planning.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In chronic tissue injury, monocytes (D) are the key white blood cells (WBCs) for phagocytosis. They transform into macrophages, which persist in tissues, engulfing debris and pathogens over time. Neutrophils (A) dominate acute inflammation, arriving early but dying off quickly. Basophils (B) release histamine in allergic responses, not phagocytosis. Eosinophils (C) target parasites and allergies, not chronic injury cleanup. Chronic conditions require sustained immune action, and monocytes/macrophages excel here, unlike the short-lived neutrophils of acute phases. This cellular adaptation to prolonged injury makes D the correct choice.