ATI LPN
Cardiovascular Med Surg Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following patients are MOST at risk for developing heart failure?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients at highest risk for heart failure include those with conditions directly affecting the heart, such as myocardial infarction (A), valvular issues like mitral stenosis (C), and uncontrolled hypertension (E). Asthma, hypoparathyroidism (B), and lung cancer (D) are less directly linked to heart failure.
Question 2 of 5
During exercise, increased muscle contraction helps return more blood to the heart. This would lead to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increased venous return from muscle contraction boosts the volume of blood pumped per beat (stroke volume) via the Frank-Starling mechanism.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse on the intermediate care unit received change-of-shift report on four patients with hypertension. Which patient should the nurse assess first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient with chest pain may be experiencing acute myocardial infarction, and rapid assessment and intervention are needed. The symptoms of the other patients also show target organ damage but are not indicative of acute processes.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for an older adult with a diagnosis of hypertension who is being treated with a diuretic and beta-blocker. Which of the following should the nurse integrate into the management of this client's hypertension?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elderly people have impaired cardiovascular reflexes and thus are more sensitive to extracellular volume depletion caused by diuretics. The nurse needs to assess hydration status, low BP, and postural hypotension carefully. Older adults may have impaired absorption, but they do not need a higher initial dose of an antihypertensive than a younger person. Adherence to treatment is not necessarily linked to age. Kidney function and absorption decline with age; less, rather than more antihypertensive medication is prescribed. Weight gain is not necessarily indicative of kidney function decline.
Question 5 of 5
A patient in hypertensive urgency is admitted to the hospital. The nurse should be aware of what goal of treatment for a patient in hypertensive urgency?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In cases of hypertensive urgency, oral agents can be administered with the goal of normalizing BP within 24 to 48 hours. For patients with this health problem, a BP of ≤120/80 mm Hg may be unrealistic.