ATI LPN
Immune System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following pairs of associations is mismatched?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because large granular lymphocytes are actually natural killer (NK) cells, not T cells. NK cells are part of the innate immune system, while T cells are part of the adaptive immune system. Megakaryocytes produce platelets, B cells differentiate into plasma cells to produce antibodies, and monocytes differentiate into macrophages to engulf pathogens. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are all correctly matched associations.
Question 2 of 5
Which patient would be unlikely to benefit from iron supplements?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Patient with hereditary hemochromatosis. This genetic condition causes the body to absorb too much iron, leading to iron overload. Iron supplements would exacerbate the condition. Patients experiencing blood loss (A) would benefit from iron supplements to replenish lost iron. Pregnant women (B) require increased iron for fetal development. Patients with limited access to healthy foods (D) may benefit from iron supplements to prevent deficiency.
Question 3 of 5
Which diagnostic test evaluates the morphological features of the blood cells?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral blood smear. This diagnostic test is used to evaluate the morphological features of blood cells by examining their size, shape, and structure under a microscope. It provides valuable information about red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Reticulocyte count (B) measures immature red blood cells, not morphological features. Oxygen saturation (C) assesses the amount of oxygen carried by hemoglobin in the blood. Platelet count (D) quantifies the number of platelets in the blood, not their morphology.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who had a myocardial infarction 5 days ago. The client has a sudden onset of shortness of breath and begins coughing frothy, pink sputum. The nurse auscultates loud, bubbly sounds on inspiration. Which of the following adventitious breath sounds should the nurse document?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coarse crackles. Coarse crackles are associated with fluid-filled airways, commonly seen in conditions like heart failure. In this scenario, the client's history of myocardial infarction and symptoms of shortness of breath, frothy pink sputum, and loud bubbly sounds on inspiration indicate pulmonary edema, leading to coarse crackles. Fine crackles are heard in conditions like pneumonia. Wheezes are associated with airway constriction in conditions like asthma. Rhonchi are caused by secretions in the large airways. Therefore, in this case, coarse crackles are most appropriate.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is assessing a client who has late-stage heart failure and is experiencing fluid volume overload. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weight gain 1 kg (2.2 lb) in 1 day. In late-stage heart failure with fluid volume overload, the body retains excess fluid leading to weight gain. This rapid weight gain is a key indicator of worsening fluid overload. Option B (Weight loss) is incorrect as fluid volume overload typically leads to weight gain. Option C (Dry skin) is incorrect as it is not a common finding in fluid volume overload. Option D (Decreased urine output) is incorrect as fluid volume overload usually leads to increased urine output due to the body's attempt to eliminate excess fluid.