ATI LPN
Quiz Questions Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because helper T cells do not directly kill pathogen-infected cells. Helper T cells assist in coordinating the immune response by activating other immune cells. T-cell activation involves cell division and differentiation (Choice A), effector B cells differentiate into plasma cells to secrete antibodies (Choice B), and plasma cells are responsible for antibody secretion (Choice C). Therefore, the mismatched pair is helper T cell: kills pathogen-infected cells.
Question 2 of 5
Which patient exhibits signs and symptoms of hemochromatosis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Hemochromatosis is a condition characterized by excessive iron absorption leading to iron overload. The 47-year-old male with fatigue, weight loss, bronzing of the skin (due to iron deposition), and elevated TIBC fits the typical presentation. Fatigue is common due to iron accumulation affecting various organs. Weight loss can occur due to organ damage. Bronzing of the skin is a classic sign. Elevated TIBC indicates the body's attempt to bind excess iron. Choices B, C, and D do not exhibit the classic signs and symptoms of hemochromatosis and are thus incorrect.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse on a telemetry unit is caring for a client who has an irregular radial pulse. Which of the following ECG abnormalities should the nurse recognize as atrial flutter?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because atrial flutter typically presents with an atrial rate of 250-400/min and a ventricular rate that may vary. In this case, an atrial rate of 300/min with QRS complex of 80/min indicates a 3:1 AV block, which is characteristic of atrial flutter. Choice B (absent P waves with irregular QRS) is more indicative of atrial fibrillation. Choice C (ventricular rate of 150/min) does not provide specific information about the atrial activity to diagnose atrial flutter. Choice D (ST elevation) is not typically associated with atrial flutter.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is transfusing a unit of B-positive fresh frozen plasma to a client whose blood type is O-negative. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because transfusing blood products of an incompatible blood type can lead to severe reactions, including hemolysis. In this case, giving B-positive plasma to an O-negative recipient can cause a transfusion reaction due to ABO incompatibility. The nurse should stop the transfusion immediately to prevent harm to the client. Starting an IV infusion of normal saline helps maintain the client's fluid volume and supports kidney function in case of hemolysis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because continuing the transfusion, monitoring for fever, or administering antihistamines do not address the immediate risk of ABO incompatibility and potential severe transfusion reactions in this situation.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is administering a unit of packed red blood cells (RBCs) to a client who is postoperative. The client reports itching and has hives 30 min after the infusion begins. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct action is A: Stop the infusion of blood. This is the first step because the client is experiencing signs of a transfusion reaction, likely an allergic reaction. Stopping the infusion is crucial to prevent further adverse effects. Continuing the infusion could lead to more severe reactions. Giving antihistamines (choice B) would be the next step after stopping the infusion to manage the allergic symptoms. Increasing the infusion rate (choice C) could exacerbate the client's reaction. Monitoring temperature (choice D) is important but not the priority in this situation.