ATI LPN
Nursing Fundamentals Exam for LPN Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following nursing intervention takes priority in a patient who has undergone corrective surgery for laceration of the bladder?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Post-bladder surgery, patients risk falls from pain, medication, or catheter-related mobility issues. Raising side rails prioritizes safety, preventing injury critical to recovery. Turning prevents pressure ulcers but is secondary. Range-of-motion exercises and massage aid circulation but don't address immediate risks. Nurses ensure a secure environment, supporting healing by minimizing complications like falls that could disrupt surgical repair.
Question 2 of 5
When performing an abdominal examination, the patient should be in a supine position with the head of the bed at what position?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For an abdominal examination, the patient should lie supine with the head of the bed at 0 degrees flat. This position relaxes abdominal muscles, optimizing access for inspection, auscultation, percussion, and palpation, and allowing clear assessment of organ contours or tenderness. Elevating the head (30 or 45 degrees) tenses muscles, hindering palpation and potentially masking findings, while 90 degrees (sitting upright) distorts abdominal layout, unsuitable for a thorough exam. The flat supine position ensures uniformity, aiding detection of abnormalities like masses or distension, and aligns with clinical standards for accuracy. Nurses use this to establish baseline data or monitor conditions (e.g., post-surgery), making 0 degrees the essential choice for effective, reliable abdominal assessment.
Question 3 of 5
The foundation of research is based on which of the following
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The scientific method hypothesizing, experimenting, analyzing, concluding grounds research, offering a systematic, objective way to build knowledge. In nursing, it validates practices (e.g., hand hygiene efficacy), ensuring evidence is reliable. Evidence is research's product, not its foundation; it emerges from the method. Experience informs hypotheses but is subjective, lacking rigor without structure e.g., a nurse's hunch needs testing. Self-actualization, a Maslow need, relates to personal growth, not research's basis; it's irrelevant here. The scientific method's disciplined approach distinguishes research from intuition, enabling nurses to trust findings for practice (e.g., wound care protocols), making it the cornerstone of credible, reproducible research in healthcare.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse notes that the apical heart rate of a newborn is 152 beats per minute and regular. The nurse should:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A newborn's normal heart rate ranges from 120-160 beats per minute at rest, per pediatric norms. At 152 bpm and regular, this falls within healthy limits, reflecting a typical neonatal cardiovascular response e.g., higher rates due to immature regulation. Notifying the physician is unnecessary without distress signs (e.g., cyanosis), as this isn't abnormal. Monitoring is routine but not the priority action documentation suffices unless trends shift. Assessing for circulatory distress (e.g., poor perfusion) is proactive, but with regularity and no symptoms, it's not indicated. Documenting as normal aligns with evidence-based practice, ensuring accurate records without escalating a non-issue, standard for stable newborns.
Question 5 of 5
The ability of the body to defend itself against scientific invading agents such as bacteria, toxin, viruses and foreign body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Immunity is the body's defense mechanism against pathogens.