Which of the following normally cause the cardiac

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Which of the following normally cause the cardiac output curve to shift to the left along the right atrial pressure axis?

A. Surgically open chest B. Severe cardiac tamponade C. Breathing against negative pressure D. Positive pressure breathing

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Severe cardiac tamponade compresses the heart, reducing venous return and shifting the cardiac output curve left.

What combination of antibiotic is used to treat Viridans streptococci?

A. Penicillin G + Gentamycin B. Aminoglycosides + fluoroquinolones C. Cephalosporins D. Cloxacillin + vancomycin

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Penicillin G with gentamicin is the standard treatment for Viridans streptococci endocarditis.

Thrombi in heart valves called:

A. Embolus B. Postmortem clot C. Vegetations D. Venous thrombi

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Thrombi on heart valves are termed vegetations, typical in endocarditis.

Which one of the following drugs binds to bile acids in the intestine thus, preventing their return to the liver via enterohepatic circulation?

A. Niacin B. Fenofibrate C. Cholestyramine D. Fluvastatin

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Cholestyramine binds bile acids, reducing cholesterol reabsorption.

All the following medication can be useful for managing stable angina in patients with coronary artery disease except:

A. Amlodipine B. Atenolol C. Immediate-release nifedipine D. Isosorbide dinitrate

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Immediate-release nifedipine can worsen angina by causing reflex tachycardia.

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