ATI LPN
Introduction of Respiratory System NCLEX Questions PN Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following might account for the patient's symptoms: (Case not provided, assumed respiratory distress)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Assuming respiratory distress (common in chest MCQs), severe respiratory acidosis (C) fits hypoventilation (e.g., COPD) raises PaCOâ‚‚ (e.g., >50 mmHg), dropping pH (e.g., <7.30), causing dyspnea, confusion. Septicemia (A) adds fever, hypotension. Alkalosis (B) from hyperventilation lowers COâ‚‚. Metabolic acidosis (e.g., DKA) involves Kussmaul breathing, not primary lung. Respiratory acidosis aligns with chest pathology, key in ABG interpretation for ventilatory support in nursing.
Question 2 of 5
Sickle cell trait:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sickle cell trait all true : ~10% prevalence in Blacks (A HbAS), hematuria (B renal papillary necrosis), rare crises in hypoxia (C e.g., high altitude), hyposthenuria (D impaired concentrating ability). Trait's mildness contrasts anemia, key in nursing for hydration advice and crisis risk education.
Question 3 of 5
Of the following hypersplenism is best described as splenomegaly plus:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypersplenism is splenomegaly plus pancytopenia, hyperplastic marrow (B) spleen sequesters RBCs, WBCs, platelets (e.g., <100,000/μL), while marrow compensates (e.g., erythroid hyperplasia). Hypoplastic (A) or fibrotic (C) marrow contradicts. Regardless (D) ignores marrow state. None' dismisses. Hyperplasia distinguishes, key in nursing for spleen size and CBC monitoring.
Question 4 of 5
Characteristics of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria include all but one of the following:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) chronic hemolysis (A), brown morning urine (B hemoglobinuria), complement lysis (C CD55/59 defect), Ham's test (E acid lysis) but serum iron is low (D), not elevated, from chronic loss (e.g., <50 μg/dL). Iron deficiency is key, guiding nursing for iron therapy and PNH monitoring.
Question 5 of 5
The one of the following diseases in which examination of the bone marrow is least likely to be helpful in establishment the diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypersplenism (D) splenomegaly with pancytopenia relies on spleen size, CBC (e.g., platelets <100,000/μL), not marrow, which is hyperplastic, not diagnostic. Aplastic anemia (A), leukemia (B), Hodgkin's (C), myeloma show marrow changes (e.g., blasts, Reed-Sternberg). Hypersplenism's peripheral focus is key, guiding nursing for spleen assessment over marrow biopsy.