Which of the following mechanisms operates in the

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Question 1 of 5

Which of the following mechanisms operates in the nephron to maintain pH balance in the body?

A. Bicarbonate ions from the tubule cells are secreted into the filtrate, then H+ + HCO3- â†’ H2CO3 â†’ CO2 + H2O B. In tubule cells CO2 + H2O â†’ H2CO3 â†’ H+ + HCO3- then hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate C. In tubule cells CO2 + H2O â†’ H2CO3 â†’ H+ + HCO3- then hydrogen ions are transported into the peritubular capillaries D. In tubule cells CO2 + H2O â†’ H2CO3 â†’ H+ + HCO3- then bicarbonate ions are secreted into the filtrate

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hydrogen secretion and bicarbonate reabsorption regulate pH.

Question 2 of 5

The nephrons of the kidney consist of

A. Bowman's capsule, a loop of Henle, a collecting duct and a renal tubule B. a juxtaglomerular apparatus and collecting duct C. a glomerulus and a juxtaglomerular apparatus D. a glomerulus, a proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and a distal convoluted tubule

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nephron includes glomerulus and listed tubule segments.

Question 3 of 5

What could be concluded of a person who (during the previous three hours) has produced a total of $100 \mathrm{ml}$ of urine that is bright yellow and has a strong (but not unpleasant) odour?

A. They are well hydrated. B. Their urine will have a high specific gravity. C. They are an uncontrolled diabetic. D. They have more than the usual concentration of bilirubin in their urine.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Low volume and concentrated urine suggest high specific gravity.

Question 4 of 5

Process of expelling urine from the bladder?

A. Urination B. Micturition C. Filtration D. Both A and B

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Urination and micturition both describe urine expulsion.

Question 5 of 5

Which tends to be more complicated, upper or lower UTI?

A. Lower UTI B. Upper UTI C. Both are equally complicated D. Neither is complicated

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Upper UTIs (kidney/ureter) are more complicated due to severity and risk.

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Which of the following mechanisms operates in the nephron to maintain pH balance in the body?

Nurselytic

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