ATI LPN
Renal System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following laboratory results below indicates compensated metabolic alkalosis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Compensated metabolic alkalosis involves high HCO₃⻠(e.g., from vomiting) raising pH, with respiratory compensation increasing PCOâ‚‚ via hypoventilation to normalize pH. High PCOâ‚‚, high HCO₃â», and high (near-normal) pH (D) reflect this. Low PCOâ‚‚ (A, B) suggests respiratory alkalosis, and low pH (C) indicates acidosis, making D correct.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is evaluating a patient for urinary retention. What clinical presentation would the nurse expect to find if the patient is experiencing urinary retention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urinary retention, the inability to empty the bladder fully, causes a distended bladder and lower abdominal discomfort (B) due to urine accumulation. Frequency (A) suggests urgency, clear urine (C) is unrelated, and rapid stream (D) contradicts retention, making B the expected finding.
Question 3 of 5
Within eight hours following large intravenous aldosterone infusion the following is(are) clinically evident:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Aldosterone increases collecting duct sodium reabsorption (A is false), enhances K⺠and H⺠excretion (B is false), causing hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and alkalosis (C, true). Within eight hours, these electrolyte and pH shifts are evident, making C (reassigned as D) correct.
Question 4 of 5
Most reabsorption of substances from the glomerular filtrate occurs in the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) (C) reabsorbs ~65% of glomerular filtrate, including water, glucose, and ions, due to its microvilli and carrier proteins. The glomerulus (A) filters, not reabsorbs, the collecting tubule (B) adjusts urine concentration, and the ureter (D) transports urine, making C the primary reabsorption site.
Question 5 of 5
ADH is produced in the:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the hypothalamus (D), specifically in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, then stored in the posterior pituitary. Juxtaglomerular cells (A) produce renin, anterior pituitary (B) releases ACTH, and adrenal cortex (C) makes aldosterone, making D correct.