ATI LPN
Renal System Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is TRUE of the kidney?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proteinuria suggests filtration membrane damage; other options are false.
Question 2 of 5
To reduce the risk for pulmonary complication for a client with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), which interventions should the nurse implement? (SATA)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To reduce pulmonary complications in ALS, the nurse should encourage incentive spirometry (A), perform chest physiotherapy (C), and teach breathing exercises (E). ALS weakens respiratory muscles, increasing atelectasis and secretion retention risks. Spirometry improves lung expansion, physiotherapy clears mucus, and exercises strengthen breathing, all preventing pneumonia. Passive ROM (B) aids mobility, not lungs, and bladder routines (D) address urinary issues, making A, C, and E the key respiratory interventions.
Question 3 of 5
Which cell in the collecting tubule of the renal tubules functions in maintaining acid-base balance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intercalated cells in the collecting tubule are specialized for acid-base homeostasis. They exist in two types: Type A secretes hydrogen ions (Hâº) into the tubular lumen to correct acidosis, while Type B secretes bicarbonate (HCO₃â») to correct alkalosis. This active regulation of blood pH distinguishes them from principal cells, which handle sodium and water balance under aldosterone and ADH influence. Juxtaglomerular cells and podocytes are not in the collecting tubule, making B the accurate answer.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following has a function in maintaining the acid-base balance of the body?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Intercalated cells in the collecting tubule maintain acid-base balance by secreting H⺠(Type A) or HCO₃⻠(Type B) into the tubular lumen, adjusting blood pH in response to acidosis or alkalosis. Juxtaglomerular cells regulate GFR via renin, principal cells manage water and Na⺠balance, and macula densa cells sense tubular fluid composition, not directly affecting acid-base balance, making C the correct choice.
Question 5 of 5
If urination is not convenient, the brain sends impulses down the spinal cord to inhibit the micturition reflex?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When urination is inconvenient, the brain (pons and cortex) sends inhibitory signals via descending spinal pathways to suppress the sacral micturition reflex. This overrides pelvic nerve-mediated detrusor contraction and reinforces pudendal nerve control of the external sphincter, delaying voiding until appropriate, making A (True) correct.