Which of the following is true about the NURSING CARE PLAN?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Nursing care plans are nurse-centered designed by nurses to address patient needs e.g., managing pain. Rationales justify interventions (not vice versa), they're written (not verbal), and goals vary (not fixed at two). This nurse-driven tool, per NANDA, ensures systematic, patient-focused care delivery.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Darkening the room enhances ophthalmoscope visibility e.g., pupil dilation for retina view unlike bright light (constricts). Draping (privacy), warming (nonsense), differ. Nurses prepare this e.g., dim lights for clear fundoscopic exams, per eye assessment protocols.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Helen Erickson, Evelyn Tomlin, and Mary Ann Swain's Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory (1980s) sees nurses modeling health e.g., stress coping while adapting care to patient needs. Neuman's stressors, Newman's health expansion, and Benner's expertise differ. This theory fosters growth through tailored care, influencing holistic approaches in nursing practice and education.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Martha Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings (1970s) posits humans as wholes beyond parts e.g., dignity persists post-trauma. Unlike Roy's adaptation, Henderson's needs, or Johnson's behavior, Rogers' wholistic view shapes nursing's focus on indivisible patient worth, influencing holistic care philosophies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Upper and Lower GI series target digestion, fitting the body system framework e.g., assessing stomach function. Functional (ADLs), head-to-toe (full), and cephalocaudal (top-down) are broader. Nurses use this e.g., GI issues for targeted care, per organ-specific assessment.