Which of the following is TRUE about the bladder capacity of an infant?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Infant bladder capacity is 30-60 ml e.g., newborn voids 15-30 ml. Less (10-20), more (50-150) don't match. Nurses monitor e.g., diaper for development, per pediatric norms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A nursing supervisor tackling a shortage must prioritize solutions that enhance retention and expand the workforce effectively. Improving the salary scale directly addresses financial incentives, making nursing more competitive with other fields and encouraging retention and recruitment. Providing refresher training for inactive nurses reintroduces skilled professionals, quickly bolstering staff numbers without lengthy training periods. Decreasing mandatory overtime hours reduces burnout, a key retention factor, by improving work-life balance. Expanding nursing staff, while ideal, is a broader goal requiring these actionable steps. Increasing UAP standards might shift tasks but doesn't address the core shortage of licensed nurses. These prioritized reforms better pay, retraining, and reduced overtime target root causes like stress and attrition, proven to sustain staffing levels and ensure safe, quality care amidst ongoing shortages.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Protecting research subjects' privacy is a cornerstone of ethical nursing studies, achieved through anonymity and confidentiality. Anonymity ensures no link exists between subjects and data, as when identities aren't recorded, safeguarding personal details even from researchers. Confidentiality prevents divulging identifiable information, maintaining trust by restricting access to data. Beneficence maximizes benefits and minimizes harm, while justice ensures fair participant selection both ethical but not privacy-specific. Autonomy respects choice, not privacy directly. These methods e.g., anonymizing survey responses uphold dignity, encouraging participation without fear of exposure. In nursing, where vulnerable populations are common, such safeguards are vital, balancing scientific inquiry with human rights, ensuring ethical integrity and credible, unbiased results that advance care without compromising trust.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Teaching a client to walk with a walker after a total knee replacement is tertiary prevention, focusing on rehabilitation post-diagnosis and treatment. It aims to restore function here, mobility and prevent complications like falls or joint stiffness, maximizing recovery. Primary prevention, like exercise to avoid arthritis, preempts illness. Secondary prevention screens early, such as X-rays detecting joint wear, not applicable post-surgery. 'Chronic prevention' isn't a level. Tertiary care, vital in nursing, supports adaptation to new realities like using assistive devices reducing disability's impact. Studies show such interventions cut rehospitalization by enhancing independence, aligning with nursing's goal to optimize health after significant interventions, ensuring clients regain quality of life.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Secondary prevention detects disease early to curb progression, apt for a hypertensive client. Measuring blood pressure finding 200/110 mmHg identifies a spike in a known condition, enabling swift action like medication tweaks to prevent stroke or heart damage, a nursing priority on admission. Teaching a low-sodium diet or exercise is primary or tertiary, preventing onset or managing long-term, not detecting. Referring to a specialist is tertiary, escalating care post-detection. Blood pressure checks align with secondary's focus routine monitoring catches crises early, critical since hypertension's often silent. This intervention ensures timely response, leveraging nursing's assessment skills to safeguard the client from complications, a key step in acute settings.