Which of the following is referred to when another person's idea is credited as one's own or not accurately attributed to its source.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Plagiarism occurs when someone uses another's ideas without proper credit, violating academic integrity. 'Plagiarism,' is correct, as defined by ethics codes (e.g., APA Ethics), covering uncredited use or misrepresentation. 'Paraphrase,' is rewording with credit, not plagiarism. 'Quotation,' uses exact words with attribution, avoiding plagiarism. 'Citation,' credits sources, preventing plagiarism. Plagiarism's unethical nature—whether intentional or negligent—distinguishes D as the precise answer, reflecting scholarly norms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the skull's only movable joint, enabling jaw motion. 'Temporo mandibular joint,' is correct, per anatomy (e.g., Gray's). 'Zygomatic arch,' is a structure, not a joint. 'Condyloid joint,' is a type, not specific. 'Occipito-sphenoidal joint,' is a suture, immobile. TMJ's mobility makes C the accurate answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Lymphoid tissues produce or house immune cells, supporting immunity. 'Islets of Langerhans,' is correct as the exception, being pancreatic endocrine structures for hormone production (e.g., insulin), per histology texts like Ross and Pawlina, not lymphoid. 'Adenoids,' are pharyngeal lymphoid aggregates. 'Bone marrow,' generates lymphocytes, a primary lymphoid organ. 'Peyer's patches,' are gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Islets' endocrine role contrasts with the immune functions of adenoids, marrow, and patches, making D the precise answer, excluding it from lymphoid classification.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Menopause marks the permanent end of menstruation due to ovarian follicle depletion, typically around age 50. 'Menopause,' is correct, per gynecological texts like Williams Gynecology. 'Menarche,' is menstruation's onset. 'Menstruation,' is the cyclic process itself. 'Metrorrhagia,' is irregular bleeding. Menopause's distinct cessation, linked to hormonal decline, distinguishes B as the precise answer, a natural reproductive transition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Under anaerobic conditions, carbohydrate metabolism (glycolysis) produces lactic acid in humans when oxygen is scarce. 'Lactic acid,' is correct, per biochemistry texts like Voet, accumulating in muscles during intense exercise. 'Carbon dioxide,' and 'Water,' are aerobic respiration products. 'Acetyl CoA,' feeds the Krebs cycle aerobically. Lactic acid's formation in anaerobic glycolysis distinguishes B as the accurate answer.