Which of the following is recognized for developing the concept of HIGH LEVEL WELLNESS?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Halbert Dunn's High-Level Wellness (1950s) concept frames health as maximizing potential within environmental limits e.g., thriving despite chronic illness. Unlike Erikson's stages, Madaw (unknown), or Peplau's relations, Dunn's idea influences nursing's focus on optimal functioning, not just disease absence, shaping wellness programs.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hematocrit (HCT) 70% e.g., polycythemia can raise BP (viscosity) or lower it (poor flow), unlike hypervolemia (raises BP, GFR), or epinephrine (raises BP). Nurses assess this e.g., in anemia for variable impacts, per circulatory dynamics.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Questioning a morphine order for pancreatitis exemplifies the client advocate role, where nurses safeguard patient well-being. Morphine can worsen pancreatitis by causing sphincter of Oddi spasm, unlike safer options like meperidine. By challenging this, the nurse protects the client from harm, a duty rooted in ethical codes like the ANA's. Change agents modify behaviors, case managers coordinate, and collaborators work jointly, but advocacy uniquely prioritizes patient safety over compliance. In practice, this might involve consulting the doctor for an alternative, ensuring care aligns with the patient's best interest, a critical nursing responsibility.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Clara Louise Maas died in 1901 proving yellow fever's mosquito link volunteering for bites advancing epidemiology. Unlike Tucker, Robb (educator), or Hampton Robb (surgical pioneer), her sacrifice at 25 impacted public health, a heroic legacy in nursing research and disease prevention history.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Anastacia Giron-Tupas founded the Philippine Nurses Association in 1922 e.g., advocating licensure elevating Filipino nursing. Sotejo (educator), Octaviano, and Dionisio differ. Her leadership shaped national standards, a key milestone in local nursing's professional history.