Which of the following is NOT involved in the control of ventilation?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: the basal ganglia regulate movement, not ventilation directly. Choice A (peripheral chemoreceptors) senses POâ‚‚/PCOâ‚‚/pH, driving breathing. Choice B (stretch receptors) modulates via Hering-Breuer reflex. Choice D (pons) refines rhythm (pneumotaxic center). Choice E (muscles) executes. The medulla (not listed) is primary, with pons and receptors integrating, but basal ganglia's role in motor disorders (e.g., Parkinson's) doesn't extend to respiratory control, making C the outsider.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The annual influenza vaccine is the most effective health promotion activity for preventing influenza and its complication, pneumonia, especially in senior citizens who are at higher risk due to age-related immune decline. The vaccine primes the immune system to recognize and fight specific flu strains, reducing infection risk by up to 60% when well-matched, and lowering severity if infected. Hand washing reduces transmission but doesn't provide direct immunity. Avoiding crowds limits exposure but isn't as proactive or reliable as vaccination. Exercise boosts general health but lacks the specific protective effect of the vaccine against flu viruses. For seniors, who face increased morbidity from flu and pneumonia, the nurse's focus on vaccination aligns with public health priorities, offering a targeted, evidence-based strategy to prevent these respiratory illnesses and their potentially fatal outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: For a middle-aged client with flu symptoms, the nurse suggests nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, and acetaminophen as over-the-counter options. NSAIDs like ibuprofen reduce fever, pain, and inflammation from flu-related myalgia. Acetaminophen lowers fever and relieves aches, a staple for symptom relief. Aspirin, while effective for fever and pain, carries risks (e.g., stomach irritation), but remains an option for adults without contraindications. Antivirals like oseltamivir require prescriptions, not OTC, ruling them out. Antiemetics might help nausea but aren't core flu treatments. The nurse recommends these based on their accessibility and efficacy for fever, aches, and discomfort common flu complaints advising proper dosing and caution (e.g., aspirin's Reye's risk if misused). This empowers the client to manage symptoms safely at home, aligning with self-care goals for uncomplicated flu.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The nurse includes that the vaccine can cause mild symptoms like a sore arm, a common reaction to the inactivated flu shot's injection and immune response, preparing the client for normal effects without alarm. It's effective regardless of past flu prior infection doesn't negate need, as strains evolve. It doesn't guarantee flu prevention effectiveness varies (e.g., 40–60% when matched) but reduces risk and severity. It's not live bacteria made from inactivated influenza viruses, not bacterial. This accurate, reassuring statement educates on realistic expectations, boosting compliance by addressing side effects upfront, aligning with evidence-based vaccine promotion for informed decision-making.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Resorption atelectasis is commonly seen with bronchial neoplasms (D), causing subtotal obstruction and often localized emphysema, though complete obstruction leads to atelectasis. Choice A is true; complete airway obstruction traps oxygen, which is resorbed, collapsing alveoli without impairing blood flow (Page 714). Choice B is false; mediastinum shifts toward the affected lung due to volume loss, not away (opposite of compressive atelectasis). Choice C is incorrect; it's reversible if obstruction clears (e.g., mucus plug removal), except in chronic contraction cases. Choice E (post-operative) is frequent but not the focus. Page 714 highlights neoplasms as a cause, with obstruction leading to resorption, distinguishing D as a frequent clinical scenario over the inaccurate B or C.