ATI LPN
Questions for the Respiratory System Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is not caused by a dimorphic fungus?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dimorphic fungi switch between yeast and mold forms, causing systemic infections. Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum), coccidioidomycosis (Coccidioides spp.), and blastomycosis (Blastomyces dermatitidis) are dimorphic, inhaled as spores, then yeast in tissue, affecting lungs and beyond. Aspergillosis, from Aspergillus spp., isn't dimorphic it's a mold-only opportunist, infecting immunocompromised lungs without yeast transition. This distinction guides diagnosis: dimorphic fungi need tissue biopsy showing yeast, while Aspergillus shows hyphae. Treatment varies amphotericin B for systemic dimorphic infections versus voriconazole for Aspergillus highlighting aspergillosis's unique pathology in respiratory fungal disease classification.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with Pneumocystis jiroveci. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care to help decrease the client's metabolic demands?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Frequent, small meals (B) decrease metabolic demand in Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia small portions (e.g., 200 kcal) reduce Oâ‚‚ use versus large meals (500 kcal). Active ROM (A) increases demand. Family support (C) aids stress, not metabolism directly. Splinting (D) eases cough, not demand. The implied answer (B) aligns P. jiroveci's hypoxia (PaOâ‚‚ <70 mmHg) taxes reserves, and B conserves energy, distinguishing it from A's exertion.
Question 3 of 5
Which one of the following statements is false about the trachea?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The trachea's false statement is 'it is covered by epiglottis.' The epiglottis, a laryngeal flap, covers the glottis during swallowing to prevent food entry, not the trachea itself it sits above. The trachea has C-shaped cartilage rings for structural support, keeping it open, true. It splits into right and left bronchi, not lungs directly, but this is anatomically accurate enough. 'None' is incorrect one is false. The trachea conducts air to the bronchi, lined with cilia and mucus, and its independence from epiglottal coverage ensures unobstructed airflow, a key anatomical fact for airway management and respiratory function.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The mediastinum is the anatomical region between the lungs, stretching from the sternum to the vertebral column and first rib to diaphragm, containing the heart, trachea, esophagus, and major vessels. The epicardium is the heart's outer layer, not a region. The abdominal cavity lies below the diaphragm, unrelated. The pericardium encases the heart within the mediastinum, not the broader space. This central compartment's role in housing vital structures makes it a critical anatomical landmark, key in thoracic surgery and understanding mediastinal pathology like tumors or infections.
Question 5 of 5
Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blood exits the left ventricle through the aortic semilunar valve, opening during systole to release oxygenated blood into the aorta, closing to prevent backflow. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood, unrelated. The interventricular septum divides ventricles, not a passage. The bicuspid (mitral) valve admits blood into the ventricle, not out. This valve's half-moon shape optimizes ejection, a critical step in systemic circulation, essential in understanding cardiac output and conditions like aortic stenosis narrowing this exit.