ATI LPN
Assessment of Hematologic System NCLEX Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is not associated with mucosal surfaces?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: white pulp. White pulp is a component of the spleen and is not directly associated with mucosal surfaces. Mucosal surfaces are lined with mucus-secreting goblet cells (A) that provide a protective barrier. Lysozyme (B) is an enzyme found in tears, saliva, and mucus that helps defend against bacterial infections on mucosal surfaces. M cells (C) are specialized cells in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue that transport antigens from the gut lumen to immune cells. In summary, white pulp is not part of mucosal surfaces, making it the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is aware that blood type O is considered the universal donor. This means all patients can receive blood type O. Knowing this, which of the following blood can be administered to which patient. (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Blood type O is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens on its red blood cells. Step 2: A patient with blood type A can receive blood type A (as it matches) and blood type O (since O lacks A and B antigens). Step 3: Therefore, the correct answer is A, as patients with blood type A can receive blood type A and O. Summary: Choice A is correct because patients with blood type A can receive blood type A and O due to the compatibility of antigens. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the antigen compatibility and restrictions of blood types.
Question 3 of 5
Which organ is adversely affected in hemolytic anemia? Select one that does not apply.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In hemolytic anemia, the red blood cells are destroyed prematurely, leading to an increased workload for the spleen as it tries to remove these damaged cells. The correct answer is C, the Small intestine. This is because the small intestine is not directly involved in the clearance or processing of red blood cells, unlike the spleen, liver, and bladder. The spleen and liver play key roles in recycling components of red blood cells, while the bladder is not involved in the process at all. Therefore, the small intestine is the organ that is least likely to be adversely affected in hemolytic anemia.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is monitoring a client who had a myocardial infarction. For which of the following complications should the nurse monitor in the first 24 hr?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ventricular dysrhythmias. After a myocardial infarction, the heart is at risk for arrhythmias due to damaged tissue and electrical instability. Monitoring for dysrhythmias is crucial to prevent life-threatening complications. Cardiogenic shock (B) typically occurs later, not within the first 24 hours. Pulmonary edema (C) is a potential complication but usually presents a bit later. Pericarditis (D) is also a potential complication but typically occurs days to weeks after a myocardial infarction.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse in a clinic is assessing the lower extremities and ankles of a client who has a history of peripheral arterial disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dry, pale skin with minimal body hair. In peripheral arterial disease, there is reduced blood flow to the extremities, leading to decreased oxygen and nutrients reaching the skin and hair follicles, resulting in dry, pale skin and reduced body hair. The lack of blood flow causes skin to appear pale due to reduced oxygenation. Additionally, decreased blood flow can lead to reduced hair growth. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Warm, red skin is more indicative of inflammation or infection. Swollen ankles are often seen in conditions such as heart failure or venous insufficiency. Thickened toenails are commonly seen in fungal infections or trauma to the nails.