Which of the following is NOT a step in problem solving?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Problem-solving steps include collecting data (gathering facts), identifying the problem (defining it), and determining a plan (acting) e.g., addressing a patient's fever by checking vitals, diagnosing infection, and medicating. Stating a null hypothesis (e.g., 'no effect') is a research step, testing assumptions scientifically, not a general problem-solving action in nursing practice. Nurses solve issues practically e.g., adjusting IV flow without formal hypotheses, which suit studies (e.g., drug trials). The other steps align with clinical decision-making, making null hypothesis the outlier, irrelevant to routine problem-solving's immediate, action-oriented focus.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Schulman and Mekler's moral theory, from the 20th century, measures morality by intent and just acts e.g., Robin Hood's good intent but unjust theft is immoral. Unlike Zderad's humanism, Benner's expertise, or Fowler's faith, they emphasize kindness and fairness, guiding nurses in ethical patient treatment, like ensuring equitable care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Arranging dental education for children targets health promotion, enhancing well-being through lifestyle choices like proper brushing to prevent cavities. This proactive step builds health habits, aligning with nursing's aim to protect and improve health before illness strikes, distinct from preventing specific diseases (illness prevention). High-level wellness seeks maximal potential, broader than this focused event. Reversal of self-care deficits involves therapeutic fixes, not education. Health promotion here empowers kids with skills brushing technique to maintain oral health, reducing future dental issues. It's primary prevention in action, leveraging community teaching to instill lifelong practices, a core nursing strategy for population health that prioritizes empowerment over reaction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Understanding surgery fear is empathy (A) emotional grasp, per definition. Listening (B) engages, policy (C) rules, education (D) teaches not emotion-specific. A fits the nurse's connection with Mr. Gary's feelings, making it correct.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Palpating begins at any quadrant systematically e.g., RUQ to LLQ avoiding pain first (comfort). Light pressure, finger pads (not tips) are used. Nurses proceed e.g., clockwise for thoroughness, per standards.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Computerized documentation enhances accuracy, legibility, and rapid communication, streamlining nursing workflows and improving care coordination. However, a significant disadvantage is the concern for privacy, as digital records are vulnerable to breaches, hacking, or unauthorized access, risking patient confidentiality. Unlike paper records, which can be physically secured, electronic systems require robust safeguards encryption, passwords, and audits to comply with privacy laws like HIPAA. A breach could expose sensitive data, eroding trust and legal standing. Accuracy isn't a disadvantage; technology reduces errors compared to handwriting. Legibility is a benefit, eliminating misreads from poor penmanship. Rapid communication aids timely care, not a drawback. Privacy concerns, though manageable with security measures, remain a critical challenge, balancing efficiency gains against the ethical duty to protect patient information, making it the primary disadvantage in this context.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Gentle rolling ensures even mixing without degrading the medication.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Without a figure, nasotracheal suctioning typically requires a semi-Fowler's position (30-45° head elevation), assumed as Position 3 (C), to align the airway and reduce aspiration risk. Flat (A), high Fowler's (B), or prone (D) are less optimal. C is correct. Rationale: Semi-Fowler's facilitates catheter passage and secretion drainage, minimizing complications like gagging or hypoxia, a standard positioning per respiratory care protocols.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: TENS is Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (A), uses electrodes near pain sites (B), and operates via gate control theory (C) blocking pain signals per pain relief tech. All (D) are true, reflecting TENS' mechanism and use in practice, making it the correct choice as all statements align.