ATI LPN
Renal System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is not a part of filtration membrane?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The filtration membrane consists of three layers: fenestrated endothelium, basement membrane, and visceral layer of the glomerular capsule (podocytes with filtration slits), filtering blood into the capsule. The capsular space (Bowman's space) is where filtrate collects, not part of the membrane itself, distinguishing it from the structural components, making C correct.
Question 2 of 5
In presence of ADH, the Osmolality of medullary tissue is up to 1200 mOsm/kg H2O by:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: With ADH, the medullary interstitium reaches ~1200 mOsm/kg Hâ‚‚O due to the countercurrent multiplier (NaCl from the ascending limb) and urea recycling (from the collecting duct). Both contribute to the hyperosmotic gradient driving water reabsorption. NaCl alone (A) or urea alone (B) underestimates this, and 1200 mOsm is achievable (D is false), making C correct.
Question 3 of 5
Nursing diagnoses mostly differ from medical diagnoses, in that they are:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nursing diagnoses focus on the patient's human response to health conditions (e.g., pain, anxiety, impaired mobility), guiding holistic care, whereas medical diagnoses identify the pathological condition (e.g., pneumonia, diabetes) for treatment. Nursing diagnoses aren't solely dependent on medical ones (A), go beyond caring vs. curing (B), and include physiologic responses, not just psychosocial (D), making C the key distinction.
Question 4 of 5
After completing a thorough neurological and physical assessment of a patient who is admitted for a suspected stroke, the medical-surgical nurse anticipates the next step in the immediate care of this patient will include:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a suspected stroke, a CT scan without contrast (B) is the immediate next step to differentiate ischemic from hemorrhagic stroke, guiding treatment (e.g., tPA within 4.5 hours for ischemic). tPA (A) requires CT confirmation, neurosurgery (C) or Doppler (D) follows diagnosis, making B the critical diagnostic priority.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse notes an adult patient had a urinary output of 350 mL in one day. What term would the nurse use to describe this urinary volume?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oliguria is defined as urine output less than 400 mL/day in adults (C), indicating reduced kidney function (e.g., dehydration, AKI). Normal output is 800-2000 mL/day (B), anuria is <100 mL/day (A), and polyuria is >2500 mL/day (D), making 350 mL oliguria.