ATI LPN
Introduction of Respiratory System NCLEX Questions PN Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following is NOT a complication of pneumonia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Suppurative arthritis (D) is not a typical pneumonia complication; dissemination targets heart, brain, or kidneys, not joints. Choice A (abscess) occurs with Klebsiella/type 3 pneumococci. Choice B (empyema) is pus in pleura. Choice C (organization) solidifies lung tissue. Choice E (metaplasia) is a response, not complication. Page 750 lists A-C as direct sequelae abscess from necrosis, empyema from spread, organization from fibrosis but arthritis, while possible in septicemia, isn't standard, distinguishing D as the outlier.
Question 2 of 5
Which of these microbes causes 'walking pneumonia'?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes 'walking pneumonia,' an atypical, mild lung infection where patients remain ambulatory lacking a cell wall, it resists some antibiotics, needing drugs like azithromycin. Klebsiella pneumoniae causes severe, necrotizing pneumonia, often in alcoholics. Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to classic bacterial pneumonia with lobar consolidation. Chlamydophila pneumoniae also causes atypical pneumonia but is less commonly termed 'walking.' M. pneumoniae's subtle symptoms (dry cough, fatigue) and slow spread in close-knit groups distinguish it, requiring specific lab tests like PCR for confirmation. This milder presentation contrasts with the others' acute severity, guiding treatment and highlighting atypical pneumonia's unique microbial etiology.
Question 3 of 5
A client admitted from home is diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia. Which organism does the nurse suspect is the cause of this infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pneumococcus (C), or Streptococcus pneumoniae, is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adults, accounting for 20-60% of cases per CDC guidelines. Escherichia coli (A) is a gram-negative rod linked to nosocomial or aspiration pneumonia, not typical CAP from home. Staphylococcus aureus (B) causes severe CAP, often post-viral (e.g., influenza), but is less frequent than Pneumococcus. Pneumocystis jiroveci (D) affects immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV), not typical home-acquired cases. The document's answer (C) aligns with CAP epidemiology S. pneumoniae's polysaccharide capsule drives lobar consolidation, fever, and cough in healthy individuals, distinguishing it from A's hospital association or D's opportunistic nature.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client with a temperature of 39°C (102.5°F), productive cough, chills, shortness of breath, and malaise. Which diagnostic test should the nurse expect to prepare the client for? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chest x-ray (A), sputum culture, and arterial blood gases (A, B, D) diagnose pneumonia per the document. X-ray (A) confirms consolidation (e.g., lobar opacity). Sputum (B) identifies pathogens (e.g., S. pneumoniae), ABGs (D) assess hypoxemia (PaOâ‚‚ <80 mmHg). Polysomnography (C) tests sleep apnea, not pneumonia. MRI is rare here. A's priority visualizing lung infiltrates drives diagnosis, distinguishing it as the key test.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following statements is true about involuntary breathing?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Involuntary breathing is regulated by neurons in the medulla and pons, brain stem regions that set the respiratory rhythm. The medulla's dorsal respiratory group initiates inspiration, while the pons fine-tunes it, responding to CO2 levels via chemoreceptors, ensuring automatic breathing without conscious effort. Bronchioles adjust airflow but don't control rhythm. Pulmonary arterioles regulate blood flow, not breathing. The alveolar-capillary network facilitates gas exchange, not its initiation. This neural control, via the phrenic nerve to the diaphragm, underscores breathing's autonomic nature, vital for survival, distinguishing it from voluntary overrides like holding breath, a key concept in respiratory neuroscience.